Every year, restaurants throw away literally thousands of dollars of unused food. But that trash can be turned into treasure. With 84% of American restaurants throw away their unused food , it’s no wonder that you’re considering adding compost to your long list of to-dos. The good news? It’s not as hard as you think – and there are actually more benefits than just making some really nice soil.  Read on to learn about the finer details of what exactly composting is, how it works, and how restaurant composting isn’t just good for the planet, but also for your business.  What exactly is composting?  Composting is the process of turning organic waste into nutrient-rich soil. Instead of blocking up the garbage disposal and hiking up your disposal fees with bag after bag of food scraps, composting lets you repurpose that waste into something useful.  How does composting work? Composting needs four things for success: the right materials, the right temperature, the perfect amount of circulation, and just enough moisture that you don’t discover a new breed of mold.  Here’s a quick breakdown of how these four things work in harmony to keep your restaurant compost pile thriving:  Compost must-haves What that means for your restaurant Materials Provide nitrogen-rich food scraps (fruits, veggies, coffee grounds) plus carbon-rich materials (napkins, cardboard) Temperature Maintain your compost at a toasty 100-140°F to break down materials efficiently Circulation Turn compost 2-3 times a week to keep airflow high and odor low Moisture Aim for a damp sponge texture – too dry, decomp slows; too wet, you risk mold But, why composting?  We get it. You already don’t have enough hours in the day. But the dollars restaurant composting can help you save makes all the difference.  Reduce your waste budget The average restaurant throws away 4-10% of its food . And 30-40% of the food served doesn’t get eaten. That’s $1,100 for every 3.3 pounds of food tossed – money literally going into the trash.  Compost cuts that cost significantly.  Not only are you saving money, you’re also turning something environmentally dangerous into something environmentally useful.  Reduce your carbon footprint Restaurants throw away 22-33 billion pounds of food  every year. Composting means you can reduce that number.  Quality soil You probably know this already, but compost produces top-notch soil. And the better the quality the soil, the better quality your ingredients, whether you’re growing your own herbs or supporting your local farms.  Attract eco-conscious customers 90% of customers want more sustainable options . Promoting your new restaurant composting initiative is a way to get ahead of competitors and win more business.  How to get started composting in your restaurant or cafe Don’t worry. Getting started with restaurant composting doesn’t have  to mean you have a giant stinky decomposing pile you have to rotate on the weekly taking up valuable storage space. Composting Step #1: Audit your waste Take stock of what you’re throwing away to get an idea of how much you’ll be adding to your future compost pile. If you have any paper plates or napkins – or if you’ve started using compostable utensils – make sure to account for those as well.  Composting Step #2: Get your composting setup Once you have an idea of how much waste you’re making, you can start scoping out where your compost setup should live.  There’s nothing wrong with starting small, but if you’re worried you still won’t have enough room, you can always partner with a local composting facility – which means you also won’t have to worry about keeping your pile at the optimal temperature or moisture level.  Composting Step #3: Educate your staff (and customers) Make sure to educate your staff on why you’re undertaking this restaurant composting project. Provide clear guidelines and training on what should and should not go into the compost to keep your pile thriving, and assign roles so everyone knows when to take out the food waste bin and when to spin the tumbler. Reassure your team that this initiative means just a few extra chores for a lot of big change.  Make sure to tell your customers too! Promote your new composting sustainability program on your menus, social media, and signage to get the word out.  Composting Step #4: Make a collection station  Even if you decide to keep your compost elsewhere, you’ll still need collection bins for food scraps. Make sure to use sealed containers. These bins will need to be emptied and cleaned weekly (or bi-weekly depending on use) to prevent smells.  Composting Step #5: Analyze and improve And with that, you have your new restaurant compost program up and running! Give it a little time to work out any kinks, and make sure to keep an eye on your pile so it gets rotated and reaches proper decomposition temperatures.  If you feel like things are moving too slowly ( compost can take up to a year ), add a bulking agent like wood chips or dry leaves to speed up decomposition.  Composting Step #6: Use that soil Once you have your compost pile in place, you can use it yourself and start or bulk up your own garden. You can look into selling your compost too as an additional stream of income. Landscapers, homeowners, and even golf courses are always looking for quality soil to make their lawn shine. You could also donate the nutrient rich soil to nearby gardens, farms, schools, or even other restaurants.  Composting Step #7: Invest in eco-friendly materials Those paper cups you serve coffee in? Or the utensils you always toss? Those can be composted, too – if you’re buying using the right materials.  We can make that easy for you. Get one of our free sample packs of compostable restaurant supplies to help you get started reducing waste! Request your free compostable restaurant supplies sample pack and start reducing waste today! Now that you’ve got the basics down, the only thing left to do is start saving money (and saving the planet). Now go get composting! Restaurant & cafe composting FAQs What food scraps can I compost?  These food scraps and materials are all compost-friendly:  Fruits and vegetables Coffee grounds and filters Compostable utensils or cups Paper napkins Yard clippings (leaves, sticks) Newspapers What shouldn’t go into my compost?   Compost piles need a little TLC to thrive. Avoid the following to keep everything decomposing at a healthy rate:  Sick plants Anything with dairy Coal or ashes Anything with oil, fat, or grease Meat Bones  How much will it cost to start composting?  Your basic composting materials are:  A container (between $50-$100) or partnering with a local facility ($30-$80/month) Soil  Shovel Does composting smell?  Not if you’re doing it right! Make sure to keep your pile well aerated and maintain that damp sponge texture, and you should be stink-free.  Now that you’ve got the basics down, the only thing left to do is start saving money (and saving the planet). Request your free sustainable restaurant supplies sample pack and start reducing waste today!

Written by Beth Lucy Are you struggling to attract new customers while simultaneously keeping regulars?  Running a restaurant is tricky, particularly as there are so many competitors, and it can be difficult to make your business stand apart. Now, more than ever, savvy marketing can help build your customer base. Here are some effective restaurant marketing strategies you should implement to ensure business success: Create a winning restaurant marketing strategy First and foremost, you need a plan of how you will market your restaurant to potential customers. Some key things to think about in your marketing plan include: Defining your target customer Research which platforms your target customer uses Set clear and measurable goals Plan your content Set a budget Knowing your target audience is essential when thinking about which channels you will use to market your restaurant. For example, if you want to appeal to Gen Z adults then you will want to use platforms like TikTok or Instagram. When it comes to setting your goals, think about what you hope to achieve from your marketing. Do you want more online bookings or more delivery orders? Think about how you can best optimize your online presence to achieve this. You will also need to factor in a budget when it comes to your marketing plan, as you may want to run ads to ensure greater online exposure.  Optimize your restaurant website for online visibility  Your website and Search Engine Optimization (SEO) are key to your business success. Did you know that 89% of consumers switch businesses if they have poor user experience? Your website is so important because this is where your potential customers will learn about your restaurant, as well as see your menu and online booking form. Make sure your website has a nice and professional design, high-quality photography of your food, and an easy online reservation system. You will also want to optimize SEO by including keywords on your website to reach your target audience in your specific location. Google Business is a great place to start to ensure your restaurant will show in searches and also on Google Maps.  Build a strong brand identity Build a strong restaurant brand by curating your visual identity. This not only applies to your logo and the appearance of your physical restaurant venue but also your online presence. Ensure your website and social media are consistent with this image when it comes to color schemes and highlighting core values, such as sustainability. We recommend promoting your sustainability efforts on your social media and website to appeal to an eco-conscious audience . You could photograph compostable coffee cups  with bamboo napkins  to spread this message.  It is crucial to be consistent with the identity of your brand, as this will ensure coherence across different channels and be easily recognizable.  Define your unique selling proposition (USP) What is your restaurant’s unique selling point? Whether it is your colorful interior, fancy drinks, or all-vegan dishes, make this the focus of your marketing. If your business is trying to become more sustainable with your food service to reduce waste, then it is important to showcase this. Take photos of your compostable cups  or bamboo plates  to spread the message about sustainable practices and appeal to a new audience.  This way, you are more likely to attract customers and get noticed on social media.  Master social media marketing for restaurants Arguably the most important marketing strategy, social media, is key to achieving business success in the food industry. Nowadays, almost everyone is online so, social media marketing is increasingly powerful, connecting you with people from all over the world. This is crucial for restaurant businesses because you can reach a huge number of potential customers. A   Go Tech report  has found that 48% of consumers have used social media to find places to eat and drink, meaning it is key to advertise your business well.  When it comes to social media, it is critical to be consistent and you will want to be posting once a day or at the very least, every few days. Although there are so many social media platforms to choose from, make sure to stick to the main ones that appeal to your target market and then post consistently.  Consistent high-quality posting will gain you an organic community and engage your customers. Posting often will not only foster a community but will also help with your brand image and strengthen your online presence since high-quality images have the potential to perform well on social media. Social media apps are all about visually pleasing content, so be sure to post appealing food photography to attract those potential customers.  Increasingly, short-form video content is attractive to social media users, and with the higher potential to go viral from TikTok and Instagram reels, it has never been more important to utilize this element of social media. Be sure to get creative when it comes to these videos by involving yourself in trends or sharing something interesting. Authentic content performs best, so you could share a video of you making one of your favorite recipes or post a behind-the-scenes shot in your kitchen taking the trash out in compostable bags . If you are unsure how to create the content yourself, then you could partner with local influencers who will spread the word about your business on their own social media accounts. Make sure to choose influencers who align with your brand as their followers are more likely to be converted into your customers. Equally, most social media apps offer targeted ads that you could invest in to reach a relevant audience.   Boost visibility with collaborations & partnerships Following on from partnerships with influencers, you could also partner with a local business that aligns with your values. Partnerships could involve a fun event or social media campaign. This way, both businesses will mutually benefit from reaching a new audience of potential customers because the posts or reels can be shared on each account. Even if the content is not shared, just having your restaurant tagged in a post on another account can drive business awareness and exposure.  Leverage online reviews & reputation management Many people leave reviews when they try out new restaurants and tourists often head to these sites to consider if a restaurant is worth visiting. Getting positive reviews is important because they can then be used on your website and social media, attracting new customers. If you’re finding it difficult to get reviews, post a QR code near the checkout area or on the receipt to direct customers to your website. To really ramp up the reviews, collect emails for online and takeout orders and set up automated emails requesting a review. Increase customer engagement & loyalty Finally, restaurants often chase new customers and lose sight of their current ones. Use the data you already have to attract existing customers. Personalized email marketing is an invaluable tool when it comes to spreading the news about exclusive offers and events. A loyalty program can also be a popular way to engage your existing customers.  By following these marketing tips, you will not only improve your online presence and strengthen your brand image, but you will also reach your target audience, who will now be more inclined to give your restaurant a try.  If you’re interested in your restaurant becoming more eco-friendly, check out all our sustainable supplies here.

Written by Nicole Braganza "No cap, sustainable businesses are giving main character energy right now." If you don’t speak the lingo of Gen Z, "no cap" essentially means "I'm not exaggerating" or "this is the honest truth." Eco-conscious companies are taking center stage in the business world and cultural conversation. The data backs up their perspective — a whopping 73% of Gen Z consumers are ready to "skrimp" (save up) to spend extra on products that are better for the planet. For business owners across America, this shift represents both a challenge and an opportunity. Investing in sustainability (via sustainable products   for example) means adapting your operations. You may possibly need to deal with higher upfront costs. On the other hand, it opens doors to a growing customer base that's willing to pay more for what they believe in and greater profitability in the long run. Research from Harvard Business School found that companies with strong sustainability practices outperform their counterparts in terms of stock performance. Let's explore what drives this generation’s attitudes and preferences and how your business can succeed by meeting their eco-expectations.  Who are these green-loving Gen Z customers? Born between 1997 and 2012, Gen Z has never known a world without climate change conversations at the dinner table. Unlike their parents or grandparents, they've grown up watching content about plastic-filled oceans and hearing about rising global temperatures since elementary school. In an interview with Yale Environment 360, Britt Wray, a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University’s Center for Innovation in Global HealthWray explains how climate anxiety is greatest for Gen Z. This generation has been bombarded with news of climate disasters on social media. They feel betrayed, she says, by government inaction and dismayed when told they are overreacting to what they see as an existential threat. “I’m from an outdoorsy family and we’ve seen the landscape around us changing for the negative as fast as within four or five years,” says Victoria Muharsky, a 24-year-old ESG Specialist with Green Builder Media who lives in Grand Junction, Colorado. “We’ve always gone to the Acadia National Park in Maine, and we’ve seen the leaves change color more quickly in recent years. That’s a catalyst for a lot of people in my generation. First there’s a personal impact, and then they want to advocate for change.” Sustainability is important to 19-year-old Trinity Gbla. Having grown up experiencing wildfires and extreme heat near her home in Southern California, Gbla said these past few years have highlighted climate change as an increasingly pressing issue. According to a recent Deloitte survey, climate change/protecting the environment was the No. 1 concern for Gen Z, followed closely by unemployment and health care/disease prevention. While boomers prioritize convenience (plastic straws, anyone?) and millennials try to balance being eco-friendly with practicality, Gen Z is putting their money exactly where their values are. Research shows that sustainable products are growing 2.7 times faster than their conventional counterparts . And guess who's driving that growth? You got it — Gen Z. Related:   Individually wrapped disposable bamboo straws     Gen Z has zero patience for fakery Here's where things get really interesting. Gen Z doesn't just care about sustainability; they're equipped to fact-check your claims in real time from their smartphones. What makes Gen Z truly different is they'll Google your eco-claims while standing in your restaurant. If you're talking the sustainability talk but still using plastic when bamboo disposable utensils  exist, they'll call you out — and not just to your face, but to their entire TikTok following. Remember the 2022 Starbucks reusable cup program controversy? When Gen Z discovered that the company's heavily marketed reusable cup initiative actually represented less than 1% of beverages sold, they mobilized on platforms like TikTok and Instagram. The hashtag #StarbucksGreenwashing generated over 7 million views, with young consumers sharing videos of themselves bringing their own cups or choosing local cafés with legitimate sustainable practices. It translated to measurable financial impact, with the company reporting a temporary 5% drop in Gen Z patronage during the peak of the controversy. Related:   Biodegradable office & break room supplies Sustainable businesses that are crushing it with Gen Z These forward-thinking businesses are effectively connecting with Gen Z and earning their trust and loyalty through meaningful sustainability practices. Sweetgreen  Sweetgreen has built their whole vibe around sustainability, from local sourcing to earth-friendly packaging. This fast-casual salad chain uses compostable bowls and utensils, and prominently communicates their carbon footprint reduction strategies. But Sweetgreen understands that their consumers won’t just “Take their word for it”. Their app actually allows customers to track the environmental impact of their orders. Co-founder Nathaniel Ru says, “We've always believed that the future of dining lies at the intersection of health, sustainability, and community. We wanted to create a movement, not just a restaurant.” Just Salad Just Salad's reusable bowl program is genius in its simplicity. Buy a reusable bowl, get discounts on future salads, and feel good about not contributing to landfill waste. Gen Z customers are eating it up (pun absolutely intended). Related:   Compostable White Bowls | 12oz & 16 oz | BPI-Certified   Imperfect Foods   Imperfect Foods’ business model reduces food waste by selling "imperfect" produce in minimal, recyclable packaging. The brand sources directly from producers to rescue food rejected by retailers due to cosmetic flaws, surplus production, packaging changes, or short dates. They deliver these perfectly good items directly to consumers at roughly 30% below retail prices, reducing waste while creating value for both farmers and customers. Related: Eco-friendly drinkware for your food business Do sustainable business practices actually pay off? I know what you're thinking: "Sounds great, but can I afford this?" According to business owners who've made the switch, the answer is a resounding yes. Besides, sustainability-focused businesses like Plastic Detox offer free samples of sustainable products  so you can try before you buy. Sabine Durand-Hayes, Global Consumer Markets Leader, PwC France, said “Consumers are increasingly feeling the squeeze of inflation and rising prices in essential goods such as groceries, however, in that context, they are prioritizing products that are sustainably produced and sourced. Even as consumers look to cheaper, generic options for essentials, they nevertheless cite a willingness to pay 9.7% more for sustainability . In the year ahead, companies must achieve a delicate balance between consumer affordability and environmental impact if they are to source and retain consumers.”    Making the switch: Practical steps to implement eco-friendly business practices Make visible product changes first : Swap out the obvious plastics. Compostable paper cold cups and insulated hot cups, bamboo disposable utensils, and compostable trash bags send an immediate signal about your values. Keep it real: Marketing expert Devon Riley warns, "Gen Z has a remarkable radar for insincerity. Don't just make changes—explain why they matter to you as a business owner." Get your team on board:  When your staff understands why you're making these changes, they become your best sustainability ambassadors. Show local love:  Gen Z cares about community impact, so highlight your connections with local suppliers and farmers.  The future of sustainable purchases  As Gen Z grows up and their spending power increases (they'll represent 27% of consumer spending by 2030!), their influence will only get stronger. Gen Z is actively looking for sustainable product alternatives in their grocery cart, while holiday shopping or eating out. Adapting to Gen Z's sustainability expectations isn't just jumping on a trend; it's future-proofing your business in an industry where, increasingly, doing good and doing well go hand in hand.  Frequently asked questions Does Gen Z care about the environment? Gen Z does care significantly about environmental issues. Studies consistently show they prioritize sustainability in purchasing decisions and are willing to pay more for eco-friendly products. Their climate activism, both online and through organized movements, demonstrates genuine environmental concern beyond just trendy rhetoric.  Are people willing to pay more for sustainable products? Yes, people are increasingly willing to pay more for sustainable products. This is especially true among younger consumers like Gen Z, with studies showing about 73% ready to save up specifically to spend extra on environmentally friendly options. They value authenticity in green initiatives, readily spot greenwashing, and use their purchasing power to support businesses that genuinely align with their environmental values. How much more expensive are sustainable products? Sustainable products typically cost 15-30% more than conventional alternatives, though prices vary widely by category. For restaurants, sustainable ingredients may increase food costs by 10-25%, while eco-friendly packaging can be 20-40% pricier. However, this investment often pays off through higher menu prices that eco-conscious customers willingly pay, increased customer loyalty, and reduced operational costs over time.   How to be a sustainable entrepreneur? Start by identifying environmental problems your business can solve and integrate sustainability into your core model from the start. Choose eco-friendly materials and processes, establish measurable goals, and build transparent supply chains with like-minded partners. Communicate honestly about your sustainability efforts while focusing on innovations where environmental solutions create real business valu e.

Written by Lauren Rice, Founder of Plastic Detox The numbers found on the bottom of plastic containers are regularly referred to as Recycling Codes, but what if I told you that those numbers are actually Resin Identification Codes (RIC) that distinguish what type of plastic was used in the manufacturing process? This does not mean that items will be recycled when placed in a recycling bin. Putting a recycling symbol around the resin code is misleading , it sends a message to the public all plastic items will this symbol are going to be recycled, when that is often not the case. This is one of the largest misconceptions when it comes to recycling and is indicative of why the U.S. recycling rate in 2018 was only 8.7% and hasn't increased much since. Like many countries, the U.S. plastic recycling system relies heavily upon consumer participation to ensure that reusable materials are able to find a second life. The problem is, we don’t have clear and accessible education on plastic recycling, leaving most consumers in the dark about what materials can or cannot be recycled. Let's dive into the reality of recycling in the U.S., its history, what all those numbers mean, and some alternative ways to reduce plastic waste. · What do Resin Identification Codes (AKA Recycling Codes) Mean? · History of Recycling in the U.S. · How To Increase U.S. Recycling Rates · 6 Steps Individuals Can Do to Improve Recycling Rates What do Resin Identification Codes (AKA Recycling Codes) Mean? The numbers seen on the bottom of plastic containers are actually Resin Identification Codes (RIC) that distinguish what type of plastic it is. Contrary to popular belief, they do not signify that an item will get recycled when put into a recycling bin. So why are these numbers printed with a recycling symbol around them? This happens because the symbol was never registered as a trademark, so it is free for anyone to use without many legal restrictions [ 7 ]. Resin Identification Codes (RIC) were developed to identify the type of plastic an item is made from. There has been discussions about the recycling symbol being changed to a solid triangle to avoid confusion on recycling, but this has not yet become a legal requirement [ 10 ]. This is why we still see a recycling symbol used in conjunction with resin codes. In order to replace the current symbol with a less confusing (aka misleading) symbol, current legislation would need to change. In the meantime, one way that we can improve how Americans understand and participate in recycling, is through the spreading of information about how U.S. recycling currently functions. Let’s start by breaking down each resin code; what type of plastic it is, what it’s used in, and its recyclability. Resin Identification Codes by: Plastic Detox #1 – Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET or PETE) Recyclable in most curbside bins Commonly used for soft drink bottles, water bottles, and laundry detergent containers Any plastic that encounters food/drink must be first approved by the FDA, and they choose whether or not it is deemed safe to use [ 5 ] Single-use item, this plastic can absorb bacteria and flavors—should not be reused Recycling rate: 27% [ 6 #2 – High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Recyclable in most curbside bins Commonly used for juice containers, household cleaners, hair care products, and milk jugs Recycling rate: 31% [ 6 ] #3 – Polyvinyl Chloride (V or PVC) Not recyclable in most curbside bins (In rigid form) Can be used for commercial products like plumbing pipes and building materials (In supple form) Can be used for coating on clothing and leather goods [6] Avoid use of this form of plastic when possible Recycling rate of 3%: [ 6 ] #4 – Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Not recyclable in most curbside bins Commonly used for shopping bags, food bags, trash can liners, food storage, produce bags, and the majority of plastic wraps Recycling rate: 7% [ 6 ] #5 – Polypropylene (PP) Recyclable in most curbside bins Commonly used for ketchup bottles, medicine bottles, drinking straws, take-out meals, deli foods, and most plastic containers Recycling rate: 18% [ 6 ] #6 – Polystyrene (PS) Not recyclable in most curbside bins Very few specialty recycling centers accept #6 plastic Commonly used for disposable cups/plates/bowls, take-out containers, and raw meat trays Can leach styrene into food Avoid use of this material Recycling rate: 18% [ 6 ] #7 – Miscellaneous/Other (anything that doesn’t fall into resin codes 1-6) Not recyclable in most curbside bins Commonly used for car electronic parts Mixed with multiple types of plastic, making them impossible to recycle efficiently Avoid use in your home Recycling rate: 2% [ 6 ] History of Recycling in the U.S. Recycling Timeline by Plastic Detox Recycling itself is not a new concept, given the idea of repurposing scraps seems to have been around for millennia. However, the process of recycling scraps into new materials on a large industrial scale occurred on both sides of the Atlantic between 1800 and 1880 with items like rags, paper, rubber, and metals most commonly being recycled [ 16 ]. According to Zimring, 2005, “The first national trade association for scrap firms was the National Association of Waste Material Dealers (NAWMD), founded in 1913” (they would later change their name to National Association of Secondary Material Industries [NASMI]). Americans were collecting more items than ever before, and in 1930, weekly garbage pickup began [ 16 ]. It was in the mid-19th century that mass-production really began to take off, and it became apparent that the mining of raw natural materials was unable to keep up with consumer product demand. This was a perfect time for plastics to enter the mix. Plastic/synthetic items grew in popularity between 1945 and 1970 as cheaper alternatives to natural materials, but this introduction did not come without its challenges; material recyclers found that plastics created contamination of natural materials, deeming them non recyclable when mixed. This is when concerns of toxic threats to the environment really came to light. In 1970, The Nixon Administration established the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with a mission to protect the environment from contaminants of hazardous waste [ 16 ]. By the twentieth century, sanitary engineers took the responsibility of removing and handling waste from urban areas. This was viewed as one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of diseases [ 12 ]. In 1907, Gary Anderson presented his recycling symbol design for the International Design Conference and won. This is the same symbol that is widely recognized and used today. It is important to note that the symbol has never been trademarked, meaning that this symbol is free for anyone to use without legal restrictions. In 1988, the Society of the Plastics Industry developed a uniform coding system to simplify the sorting of plastic waste. Most U.S. states then required manufacturers to place resin codes on all plastic items, a practice that is now an international standard [ 8 ]. As mentioned in What Do Resin Identification Codes (AKA Recycling Codes) Mean , we now know that the recycling symbol and resin codes are frequently used together, creating a false impression that all plastic products can and will be recycled. This continues to be a point of contention for environmentalists and the plastic industry. How To Increase U.S. Recycling Rates Recycling programs today are set up to hold consumers and businesses responsible for shouldering the majority of everyday waste disposal. In 2018, the U.S. produced over 3 million tons of plastics and only 8.7% was recycled [ 16 ]. The U.S. remains one of the top consumers of plastic products. Based on our current recycling rate, it’s clear that what we are doing isn’t working. I believe this happens for four major reasons : 1. Lack of transparency from the plastic industry. 2. Lack of legislation to prevent misleading marketing. 3. Lack of education for the public about plastic and recycling. 4. Lack of resources and support to improve recycling systems. During my research, I discovered some large-scale solutions that could improve the current state of U.S. recycling rates. First, to address the lack of information transparency, clear guidelines and restrictions are needed to protect consumers from the unknown harms of plastic, along with more laws to prevent misleading marketing. Second, to improve recycling awareness, universities need to expand their core courses to include education on recycling and plastic pollution. A 2021 study surveyed universities that offer PhD degrees in environmental engineering or plastic/polymer engineering or technology, and out of 105 universities analyzed, only 9 offered courses on plastic recycling [ 2 ]. Third, improvements to the separation and sorting of plastic are also needed, such as offering recycling for a wider range of plastics in more locations. This would result in less contamination, higher efficiency, and reduce time and energy needed for the sorting process. Lastly, to improve resources and support for recycling, we need more incentives from the government if they intend to inspire businesses and individuals to choose recycled goods. Incentives would help combat the fact that virgin (new) plastic is more affordable and typically of higher quality. These large-scale solutions may feel overwhelming, but having these goals in mind is important when fighting against plastic pollution. Here are some actions that individuals can take that make a big difference in fighting plastic pollution: 6 Steps Individuals Can Do to Improve Recycling Rates Do your best to educate yourself (and others) on proper recycling practices by getting to know Resin Identification Codes. Plastic pollution will continue to grow year after year until collective change is made. When shopping for new products or food items, look for plastic-free options within your price range, check out these plastic alternative products . If plastic-free is not an option, look for options made with resin codes #1 or #2 as these have the highest recycling rate. Packaging accounts for 40% of virgin plastic production worldwide [ 6 ]. After using an item, plastic or otherwise, be sure it is clean and dry from any residue. Do not recycle materials contaminated with food, infectious materials, hazardous chemicals, or radioactive materials. Doing so could contaminate other recyclable items, which will result in those items being sent to the landfill. Collect other plastics that are not accepted curbside and separate them based on their resin codes. I reuse old cardboard boxes and place them in my garage until I am ready to recycle. Visit Drop-off Directory to find drop off locations for hard to recycle plastic items near you. Items like plastic wrap, plastic film, and plastic bags can be recycled near the store front of many national retailers like Kroger, Safeway, Target, and Walmart. Flexible plastics, compostable plastic, and biobased plastics are problematic for the collection and sorting process—please do not include them in your curbside recycling bins. Conclusion The U.S. recycling system, while well intentioned, is currently incapable of keeping up with the growing amount of plastic waste with its current infrastructure. While more research is needed to improve our current recycling programs, here is what we do know: Understanding that avoiding plastic (when possible) is the first step in reducing plastic pollution Disposing of plastic is confusing, so do your best to recycle plastic properly - this will help to improve the likelihood of the plastic item getting recycled. We need to push for more easily accessible resources to help inform the public about plastic manufacturing and proper disposal for plastic. This is a group effort, improvement is needed from manufacturers, government, businesses and individuals combined! If you found this blog helpful, please share it to help spread awareness and subscribe to our blog HERE . References [1] Basuhi, R., Moore, E., Gregory, J., Kirchain, R., Gesing, A., & Olivetti, E. A. (2021). Environmental and economic implications of U.S. postconsumer plastic waste management. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 167, N.PAG. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105391 [2] Bennett, E. M., & Alexandridis, P. (2021). Informing the public and educating students on plastic recycling. Recycling , 6 (4), 69. [3] Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) (Feb. 2019). Plastic & Health: The Hidden Costs of a Plastic Planet. Retrieved from: Plastic & Health - Center for International Environmental Law (ciel.org) [4] Deloitte (May 2020). Reducing Plastic Pollution and Creating a True Circular Economy for Plastics through Extended Producer Responsibility. Analysis of the status and potential of EPR for plastics in Norway for WWF. Retrieved from: https://media.wwf.no/assets/attachments/Report_Deloitte_AS_WWF.pdf [5] FDA (Jan. 2022). About the FCS Review Program. Retrieved from: https://www.fda.gov/food/inventory-effective-food-contact-substance-fcs-notifications/about-fcs-review-program [6] Kulkarni, G. S. (2018). 1 - Introduction to Polymer and Their Recycling Techniques. Recycling of Polyurethane Foams, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-51133-9.00001-2 [7] Liboiron, M. (July 2012). Designing a Reuse Symbol and the Challenge of Recycling’s Legacy. Retrieved from: https://discardstudies.com/2012/07/25/designing-a-reuse-symbol-and-the-challenge-of-recyclings-legacy/ [8] MacInnes, D. F., Jr. (2020). Plastics. Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science. [9] National Institutes of Health (n.d.). Plastic Resin Codes. Retrieved from: https://orf.od.nih.gov/EnvironmentalProtection/WasteDisposal/Pages/PlasticResinCodes.aspx [10] Northeast Recycling Council (2014). Plastic Codes and Recycling. Retrieved on 2/3/2023. Retrieved from: https://nerc.org/news-and-updates/blog/nerc-blog/2014/07/29/plastics-codes-and-recycling [10] Plastics. (2018). Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, 1; [11] Pollans, L.B. (2021). Resisting Garbage: The Politics of Waste Management in American Cities: Vol. First edition. University of Texas Press. [12] Stanley, M. (n.d.) Microplastics. National Geographic. Retrieved from: https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/microplastics [13] United States Environmental Protection Agency (n.d.) How Do I Recycle?: Common Recyclables. Retrieved from: https://www.epa.gov/recycle/how-do-i-recycle-common-recyclables#pla [14] Verma R., Vinoda K.S., Papireddy M., Gowda A.N.S. Toxic pollutants from plastic waste-a review. Procedia Environ. Sci. 2016;35:701–708. doi: 10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.069. [15] Zimring, C. A. (2005). Cash For Your Trash : Scrap Recycling in America. Rutgers University Press. [16] EPA (Dec. 2022) Plastics: Material-Specific Data. Retrieved from: https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/plastics-material-specific-data

Written by Alexandria Nicosia Of the millions of tons of plastic produced each year, only about 10% of it is recycled [ 1 ]. Otherwise discarded as waste in natural environments, plastics never completely decompose; instead, they break down into smaller microplastics which continue to harm their surrounding ecosystem, eventually making their way into our food and water. Out of those millions of tons of plastic, a large bulk originates from single-use items—a type of product that is thankfully easier to eliminate from daily use than others with the many incredible alternatives available. Here, we’ve provided a list of specific single-use plastic items known for contributing the most to plastic pollution and replaced each of them with eco-friendly alternative products. Plastic Pollutant vs. Plastic-Free Alternative 1. Plastic beverage bottles (and the caps/bottle lids) Plastic bottles, along with their caps contribute to over 14% of the pollution in our world [ 2 ]. Every minute, people use over one million plastic bottles [ 3 ]. In the U.S. alone, consumers buy an annual estimated 50 billion plastic water bottles—about a dozen bottles monthly for each individual living in America [ 4 ][ 5 ]. Sustainable Alternative: Reusable Water Bottle Photo: PlasticDetox.com According to the statistics above, one reusable water bottle can eliminate the need for about 150 plastic bottles yearly [ 5 ]. We recommend that you avoid reusable water bottles made with plastic; instead, try out stainless steel or glass for a reliable alternative. Lastly, make sure to look into the brand/product of the bottle when purchasing, because not all sustainable products are created equally. Related: Reusable water bottle 2. Plastic bags, including plastic produce bags for fruits and veggies Did you know that over 100 billion plastic bags are dumped every year in the U.S.? This drastic statistic equates to “dumping nearly 12 million barrels of crude oil” [ 5 ]. Not to mention that worldwide, a whopping annual sum of “five trillion plastic bags are used” [ 3 ]. This can include (but not limited to) the following: plastic grocery bags, produce bags, packaging bags, food bags, garbage bags, freezer bags, and so much more. Sustainable Alternative: Reusable shopping/produce bags This is a simple fix. Reusable bags can be bought, received as a gift, or can be any old bag you may have lying around. Side note: tote bags make for great grocery bags—just don’t forget to wash them every so often. Overall, by eliminating the use of plastic bags and making the transition to reusable ones, we can cut back on a lot of unnecessary plastic waste caused by the convenience of using a plastic bag for 10-20 minutes in a store where it is rarely used again [ 6 ]. Perfect for produce Benefits: Plastic-free, biodegradable, compostable, reusable, made with organic cotton, available in different sizes, and easy to clean 3. Plastic straws, plastic stirrers, and cups About 500 million straws are used daily by people living in the U.S. alone [ 7 ]. Straws are a big problem because they are not large enough to easily recycle [ 8 ] and small enough to make their way into our environment (and animals) easily. On top of that, the pollution of plastic cups in the world is over 500 billion cups annually, which is nearly 1.5 billion plastic cups daily: “Americans alone throw away around 25 billion Styrofoam coffee cups every year” [ 5 ]. These are all big numbers that can be a bit difficult to conceptualize; however, a quick search of “plastic pollution” in images sure puts the problem into perspective. To prevent adding to the problem, look into the simple alternative below. Sustainable Alternative: Reusable Straws Benefits: Plastic-free, reusable, dishwasher-safe, non-toxic, sustainable, recycled packaging Comparison to plastic straws: made with food-grade stainless steel so they are durable and reusable. Comes with a brush cleaner for easy cleaning but is also dishwasher-safe. Does not create microplastics like a plastic straw does after being exposed to the environment. Does not add to plastic pollution like a plastic straw does Related: Bamboo Straws , Stainless Steel Straws 4. Cigarette butts Trillions of cigarette butts pollute our world annually, which is problematic as they are not compostable due to the microplastic fibers in their filters. Their pollution also leaches chemicals and toxins into our environment [ 9 ]. While we don't have an good alternative to this pollutant, you are able to recycle these through sites like Terracycle . 5. Takeout containers, plastic containers, and lids “Takeout” is advertised as an easy way to get food with minimal effort, and worldwide, it is becoming a more and more popular option for consumers (especially after the 2020 pandemic), which has skyrocketed the pollution created by plastic takeout containers. According to a study conducted by sustainable industrial researchers, Alejandro Gallego-Schmid, Joan Manuel F. Mendoza, and Adisa Azapagic, “Single-use containers used for takeaway food represent a significant source of waste and environmental impacts due to their low recyclability ” [ 10 ]. This means that takeout containers either end up in landfill or as pollution. Carmen Morales-Caselles, lead researcher on a 2021 global classification of ocean litter, shared that plastic waste accounted for roughly “80%” of the total “12 [million] data points from 36 databases across the planet” surveyed for the study; of this 80%, the majority of the plastic waste took the form of single-use takeout items such as bags, wrappers, containers, straws, and cutlery [ 11 ]. It is important that we limit our use of single-use plastic items in our everyday lives. A little change really can go a long way, and using plastic alternatives is not only better for the environment and animals but also better for ourselves by limiting our plastic exposure—and exposure to microplastic seepage. Sustainable Alternatives: Stainless Steel Food containers Great for snacks, lunches, leftovers, storage, and picnics! Benefits: Plastic-free, toxin-free, made of food-grade stainless steel, and can be used in the freezer, oven, and dishwasher Comparison to plastic containers: will not contaminate your food with microplastics , will not leave any metallic taste, and long-lasting Related: Stainless steel food storage container , Stainless steel snack container , Stainless steel bento box 6. Single-use plastic utensils and cutlery Plastic utensils are used by most fast food establishments creating waste almost instantly. Even when these items are made with plastic that can normally be recycled, most recycling centers won't accept them. This is due to their light weight and slender size making them challenging to process in machinery. Sustainable Alternative: Bamboo cutlery or wooden cutlery Photo: PlasticDetox.com Benefits of bamboo or wooden cutlery: plastic-free, organic, zero waste, and they are compostable Comparison to single-use cutlery: set includes a reusable straw and straw cleaner. Unlike plastic cutlery, these alternatives do not contribute to plastic waste, they are reusable and durable, guilt-free, and are very charming and classy designs Related : Compostable utensils , Bamboo disposable utensils , Bamboo travel utensils , Wooden travel utensils Other steps you can take to reduce plastic pollution Take a step away from single-use items and branch out to more reusable products. Reusable (especially plastic-free) products are game changers and can make a world of difference in both the quality of the item as well as the carbon footprint you leave behind. Another way to help out is by joining beach/nature clean-ups if you feel inclined, or picking up the litter you see as you live out your daily life and tossing it in an appropriate bin. It may seem gross or off-putting, but removing that one piece of pollution can do a lot—maybe even save the life of an animal or prevent the litter from ending up in our water supply. With plastic pollution continuing to grow more out of control, any actions taken to mitigate its presence can go a long way. Works Cited [1] Lindwall, C. (2020, January 09). Single-use plastics 101 . Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://www.nrdc.org/stories/single-use-plastics-101?gclid=CjwKCAjwitShBhA6EiwAq3RqA0FXbmo3zXldlphp5bfRx7g14RyFdSeO6RXiu5lIY8aKBMbw1dY37RoCj_8QAvD_BwE#what [2] Plastic Oceans International. (2021, July 21). Plastic pollution facts . Plastic Oceans International. Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://plasticoceans.org/the-facts/ [3] United Nations Environment Programme. (n.d.). Beat Plastic Pollution . [Interactive Factsheet]. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://www.unep.org/interactives/beat-plastic-pollution/#:~:text=Cigarette%20butts%20%E2%80%94%20whose%20filters%20contain,the%20next%20most%20common%20items [4] Ruiz, A. (n.d.). 25 Plastic Waste Statistics That Will Shock You . The Roundup. Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://theroundup.org/plastic-waste-statistics/ [5] Earth Day Network Staff. (2022, March 29). Fact Sheet: Single Use Plastics. Earth Day Network. Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://www.earthday.org/fact-sheet-single-use-plastics/ [6] Fryling, C. (2019, November 06). The Life of a Plastic Bag . Elmwood Park Zoo. Retrieved April 19, 2023, from https://www.elmwoodparkzoo.org/the-life-of-a-plastic-bag/ [7] National Park Service (n.d.). The Be Straw Free Campaign. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved April 19th, 2023, from https://www.nps.gov/articles/straw-free.htm [8] 5 Gyres. (n.d.). Plastic Straws . 5 Gyres: Science to Solutions. Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://www.5gyres.org/plastic-straws [9] Root, T. (2019, August 09). Cigarette Butts are toxic plastic pollution. Should they be banned? National Geographic. Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/cigarettes-story-of-plastic [10] Gallego-Schmid, A., Mendoza, J. M. F., & Azapagic, A. (2018, November 24). Environmental impacts of takeaway food containers . Journal of Cleaner Production | Science Direct. Volume 211, 2019, Pages 417-427, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.220 . Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652618336230 [11] Carrington, D. (2021, June 10). Takeaway food and drink litter dominates ocean plastic, study shows. The Guardian. Retrieved April 18, 2023, from https://amp.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jun/10/takeaway-food-and-drink-litter-dominates-ocean-plastic-study-shows?__twitter_impression=true [12] International Fund for Animal Welfare. (2021, July 12). How does plastic get into the ocean? International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). Retrieved April 17, 2023, from https://www.ifaw.org/journal/plastic-pollution-ocean?ms=UONDC230037102&gclid=Cj0KCQjw8e-gBhD0ARIsAJiDsaVQdzidGgzlTSBSi3Umn4XTVUbDYZi_oN4mD_eZxZ44K3A-bzTOprwaAl3fEALw_wcB

Written by John Kester III, PhD Sustainability Curriculum Developer Plastic packaging has undeniably revolutionized the way we store, transport, and consume products, but with this convenience and durability comes a significant environmental impact. Plastic production requires the use of fossil fuels in the refining of petroleum to create the polymers that makeup plastic. This initial step in manufacturing plastic is a primary contributor to climate change. Once plastic is produced, it can take up to 500 years to break down in the environment. This means that plastic production’s negative impacts extend far beyond its processing to significant long-term pollution on land and in the oceans. As this World Wildlife Fund graphic shows, the timeline for the degradation of plastic materials can be multi-generational. WWF Australia Report, Lifecycle of Plastics Plastic packaging seems to be all around us, especially at home. Whether it is something we purchased from the grocery store or the next item delivered to our doorstep, plastic packaging is ever present in our daily lives. Some common types of plastic packaging include: Bottles Bags Containers Trays Lids Films Foil In this blog post, we'll discuss the benefits and drawbacks of using plastic for these types of packaging, as well as some ways to reduce your environmental footprint by choosing plastic-free package options. Benefits of Plastic Packaging There are many reasons why plastic packaging is so widely-used by product manufacturers. Here are a few of the primary characteristics of plastics that lead to their continued use in everyday consumption : Durability: Plastic is a durable material, which makes it ideal for packaging products that need to be protected from physical damage. Lightweight: Plastic is a lighter material, which makes it efficient to transport and store. Affordability: Plastic is relatively inexpensive to produce, which makes it a cost-effective option for packaging (this ignores the significant externalities we will cover later). Versatility: Plastic can be molded into a variety of shapes and sizes, making it ideal for packaging a wide range of products. Hygienic: Plastic is a non-porous material, which makes it difficult for bacteria to grow on it. This makes it a good choice for packaging food and other products that need to be kept clean. Drawbacks of Plastic Packaging Despite its many benefits, the use of plastic packaging has many negative consequences for our world on a grand scale. Here are a few of these drawbacks: Non-biodegradable: Plastics can take hundreds of years to break down in the environment. Pollutant: When plastic breaks down, it releases harmful toxins into the environment, polluting the air, water, and soil, and even harming wildlife. Ocean pollution: A large amount of plastic waste ends up in our oceans, where it can harm marine life. Our recent blog post on microplastics, A Beginner’s Guide to Microplastics, dives into the growing concerns of this area of pollution, focusing on the issue of microplastics often overlooked in many household items. To get a sense of just how much plastic is in our oceans, it’s estimated that there are over 5 trillion pieces of plastic floating around, growing higher each day ( National Geographic ). Landfills: An overwhelming amount of plastic waste ends up in landfills where it releases methane, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. What is Being Done About Plastic Packaging? There are a number of things that can be done to reduce the environmental impact of plastic packaging. One is to simply use less of it. We can do this by choosing products that come with less packaging, or by reusing or recycling plastic containers and bags. View our post about reducing plastic waste by choosing alternatives here . Another way to reduce plastic pollution is to support companies working to develop more sustainable packaging alternatives. There are a number of companies developing new materials that are biodegradable or compostable, or that can be recycled more easily. There are several ways in which corporations are being incentivized to be more sustainable with plastic packaging: Government regulations: A number of governments around the world are introducing regulations that require corporations to reduce their use of plastic packaging. For example, the European Union has introduced a ban on single-use plastic straws, stirrers, and cotton buds, and it is planning to introduce a deposit return scheme for plastic bottles. Consumer demand: Consumers are increasingly demanding that corporations adopt more sustainable practices. A recent survey found that 72% of consumers are willing to pay more for products packaged in sustainable materials. Investor pressure: Investors are increasingly looking at the environmental impact of companies when making investment decisions. A number of large investment firms have announced that they will divest from companies that do not meet certain environmental standards. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives: Many corporations are adopting CSR initiatives as a way to improve their reputation and attract and retain customers. These initiatives often focus on reducing the company’s environmental impact, including the use of sustainable packaging. As the environmental and economic costs of plastic pollution become more apparent, we can expect to see even more pressure on corporations to adopt more sustainable practices. Additional tips for reducing your own plastic footprint: Bring your own reusable bags when you go shopping. Use reusable water bottles and coffee mugs instead of disposable ones. Avoid buying products that come with an excessive amount of plastic packaging. Recycle plastic whenever possible. Compost food scraps and yard waste instead of throwing them away. Support businesses committed to sustainability. By following these tips, you can make a difference in the fight against plastic pollution. As the world becomes increasingly aware of the dangers of plastic pollution, there is a growing movement to find more sustainable alternatives to plastic packaging. Some of the most promising alternatives include: Edible packaging: Edible packaging is a new and innovative way to package food. Edible packaging is made from food-grade materials that can be eaten. Some examples of edible packaging include seaweed wraps, rice paper, and fruit leather. Compostable packaging: Making packaging compostable has allowed certain communities the ability to recapture packaging materials in their existing food waste programs and local compost facilities. Biodegradable plastics: These plastics are made from materials that can be broken down by microorganisms in the environment. Compostable plastics: These plastics can be broken down into compost, which can be used to fertilize soil. Reusable containers: These containers can be used over and over again, which helps to reduce the amount of waste that is produced. Glass, metal, and paper containers are great materials to consider for reusable containers. Reusable bags: Reusable bags are a great way to reduce your reliance on plastic bags. There are many different types of reusable bags available, including cloth bags, canvas bags, and tote bags. There are a number of personal and environmental benefits to using alternatives to plastic packaging, such as: Reduced pollution: Alternatives to plastic packaging help to reduce pollution. When we use plastic alternatives, we are reducing the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans, landfills, and food chain. Sustainability: Alternatives to plastic packaging are inherently more sustainable than plastic, being made from renewable resources that can be easily recycled or composted. Health: Studies have shown that chemicals from plastic can leach into food and beverages, so by using alternatives to plastic packaging, you can reduce your exposure to these chemicals. By switching to more sustainable alternatives to plastic packaging, we can help to protect the environment and our health.It is likely that plastic packaging will continue to be used in the future, but there is also a likelihood that a great shift towards more sustainable forms of packaging could occur as well. This shift will be driven by a number of factors, including: Increasing public awareness of the environmental impact of plastic pollution. Government regulations that restrict the use of single-use plastics. Technological advances that make it possible to produce more sustainable forms of plastic packaging. By understanding the impact of plastic packaging and switching to sustainable alternatives, we can help to protect the environment and create a more sustainable future. Need help getting started? Head to Plastic Detox to help get you jumpstart your plastic-free journey! References: [1] WWF Australia Report, Lifecycle of Plastics < https://wwf.org.au/blogs/the-lifecycle-of-plastics/ [2] National Geographic, Ocean Trash: 5.25 Trillion Pieces and Counting, but Big Questions Remain < https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ocean-trash-525-trillion-pieces-and-counting-big-questions-remain/ > [3] Business Wire, Recent Study Reveals More Than a Third of Global Consumers Are Willing to Pay More for Sustainability as Demand Grows for Environmentally-Friendly Alternatives < https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211014005090/en/Recent-Study-Reveals-More-Than-a-Third-of-Global-Consumers-Are-Willing-to-Pay-More-for-Sustainability-as-Demand-Grows-for-Environmentally-Friendly-Alternatives > [4] Lisa Zimmermann, Zdenka Bartosova, Katharina Braun, Jörg Oehlmann, Carolin Völker, and Martin Wagner. Plastic Products Leach Chemicals that Induce In Vitro Toxicity under Realistic Use Conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 2021 55 (17), 11814-11823. < https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c01103 >

Written by Lauren Rice, Founder of Plastic Detox If you’ve recently walked outside in your community, you’ve most likely witnessed litter scattered across the ground, a trash can overflowing, and pieces of paper and plastic whipping around in the wind. Unfortunately, these scenes are getting more common as our population grows. Fact: Being surrounded by trash stinks, literally. People don’t want to walk littered streets, but the idea of initiating change can feel overwhelming. That’s where we come in. In just a few minutes, we’ll give you the tools you’ll need to plan and execute a successful community cleanup so that you can start enjoying your community spaces the way they were meant to be enjoyed. So, roll up your sleeves, dust off your gloves, and rally some neighbors; it’s time to inspire change and build relationships in your community. It’s as easy as 1, 2, 3… (4, 5, 6)... Six steps for organizing a community cleanup: Define the Purpose Rally the Troops Market Your Event Prepare the Supplies Plan the Logistics Event Follow-Up 1. Define the purpose Organizing a community cleanup can happen for many reasons: beautification, environmental preservation, health, safety, community engagement, education, awareness, or encouraging sustainable practices. Whatever your reason, defining the purpose of your cleanup before you start is essential . People like working toward a goal. A mission. Once you have your why, then you can rally your troops. 2. Rally the troops Organizing an event on your own is hard. Organizing an event with your friends is fun. Splitting the responsibilities of planning/organizing will help alleviate your stress and make the experience more enjoyable. Now that you have your team, you’ll want to secure a community contact. Find community contacts Once you have your tribe of helpers, the first stop you’ll want to make is to your town's website to locate the emails of employees in the Parks and Recreation department who you can connect with about your event. Litter and waste management is a huge burden for most towns/cities, so this should be a conversation they are very willing to have! Set up a meeting Set up a meeting between your new contact and your team to discuss the purpose for your project. Key things to review during the meeting: If/how they can participate or support your goals What is needed in order for your event to take place (i.e. permits, safety equipment, and waivers, etc.) Past projects that have been successful and take-aways from those efforts If they would be willing to assist with marketing your event on their community pages or by posting flyers on community boards Choose a date/time/location Choose a date that everyone agrees upon. Always consider dates where many people would have off work which will increase attendance, but avoid holidays. For your location, choose an area that is clearly in need: a beach, trailhead, neighborhood, park, etc.. Once decided, create a one-pager explaining the “who, what ,when, where and why” of your event which you will use to communicate the details to various groups. Include a rain date, if applicable. Gather volunteers Getting volunteers is the hardest part of this so don’t be afraid to ask for help - trust us, you’ll be glad you did. Consider offering small incentives or rewards for participants - this is not required so don’t overthink it; people will still come! Here are some suggestions of where to find volunteers: Instagram Facebook groups Rotary clubs Volunteer organizations/non-profits Schools Local businesses Church/ Religious Organizations Give them the one-pager you created so that they can spread the details of your event easily! 3. Market your event Marketing your event is about creating an experience that resonates with your community, encourages participation, and maximizes the impact of your event. How to create marketing materials It's ideal to market your event across various channels to reach the most possible people. Channels for marketing: Create an event flier to hang around town and in local shops Leverage the power of social media Tell your family and friends and encourage them to share your event. Contact your local newspapers, radio stations, and television channels to share information about the cleanup. Give them your one-pager to ensure proper dissemination of the event details. Remember: You never know who will be able to provide support, so don’t be shy! When to start marketing? 6-8 weeks before the event - Communicate with your city and local community groups, let them know about your plans, and ask them if they can provide support. Gather their contact information. 3-4 weeks before the event - Create a digital way for community members to RSVP to your cleanup. Then create a simple flier (or re-use your one-pager) that includes the basics: date, time, location, purpose of the cleanup, and how they can register. Start pushing out the flier wherever you can; the more places you can post, the better! 1-2 weeks before the event - Repost about the cleanup. Post fliers outdoors in the area where the clean-up will take place. For outdoor flyers, wait until one week before, because the outdoor elements can impact your signage causing them to fall down or become damaged. 3-5 days before the event - Follow up with those who have RSVP’d to your event, send out communication to let them know what to expect, any changes to the event, and suggestions on what to bring and what to wear. 4. Prepare the Supplies Now that you have your date, location, marketing materials, and volunteers, it is time to get ready for the big day! Supplies When gathering supplies, it is best practice to ask for donations. Head to your local businesses with information about your day, and ask if they would be willing to donate any of the following: Gloves (reusable is preferred) Pick-up sticks (great for hard to reach areas) Buckets or large garbage bags for collection of trash Sunscreen Snacks for volunteers Safety containers (for biohazards) Data tracker (you’ll want to be able to show off the fruits of your labor!) Paper, Pen, and clipboard (if you are tracking waste or want to collect emails for future pick-ups) Camera to document the day If you don’t get enough from donations, ask your volunteers to come with their own supplies and then have backups for those who show up with just their awesome selves. Ideas for Sustainability Make your cleanup efforts more sustainable by adopting practices that minimize waste, promote recycling, and protect the environment. Here are a few ways you can make your cleanup more environmentally friendly: Reduce single-use items: Encourage participants to bring reusable water bottles, gloves and containers instead of disposable ones. Separate and sort waste: Set up bins for different types of waste such as recyclables, compostables, and non-recyclables. Promote recycling : Talk about the importance of recycling and some tips for how to recycle standard items and hard to recycle items. Track your trash: Tracking the trash your group collects is a great way to better understand the cause. Involve local businesses: Coordinate with local businesses that you know value this type of volunteer work. Give them space to discuss their business and why they support community cleanups. This is a great time to create awareness and build a supportive community. 5. Plan the logistics Make sure to think about the flow of the day so that your volunteers have a seamless experience and will be eager to return. Think through your backup plan. What if it rains? What if there aren’t enough trash bags? Try to prepare for every scenario. Suggested itinerary Opening meeting Hand out supplies Explain the process & goals Begin cleanup! Data collection (if applicable) Snack/water break Clean some more! Give a 10-minute warning before the conclusion of the event Bring people together for final trash collection, thank yous and good-byes 6. Event follow-up You did it! Yay! Immediately following your event, take a moment to appreciate your huge accomplishment. After the proper congratulations to yourself, it’s time to thank everyone else who helped you succeed. In your “thank you” communications, include pictures, videos, and any data collected to help show the impact your volunteers had on the area. By taking the time to send these thank-yous, you’re building a sense of community and encouraging continued engagement in eco-friendly events. Additionally, if you have the time/energy, sending a follow-up survey will help you plan better cleanup events in the future. Final thoughts Organizing a community cleanup can be a fun and rewarding experience but does take proper planning and organizing in order to make a successful event. When communities come together to address issues of litter and pollution, it results in cleaner towns and increased community awareness. Every person can make a difference. By creating awareness about environmental issues and the importance of sustainable practices, real change and positive environmental impacts result. Join us by taking a stand against pollution! Ready to make a difference? Start by organizing a cleanup or volunteering in one near you by clicking here .

Written by Nicole Braganza Healthy family recipes for under $10? Yes, it's possible! With grocery prices soaring over 25% since 2019 and nearly 42 million Americans relying on SNAP benefits, budget-friendly cooking is no longer a choice; it’s a necessity. Ellen Vollinger, SNAP Director at FRAC notes "SNAP benefits were never designed to cover a family's entire food budget. They're meant to be supplemental, which is why stretching those dollars through strategic shopping and cooking is so critical." Ways to Cook on a Budget  Here are some effective ways to stretch your dollar and cook on a budget.  Strategic shopping: Buy seasonal produce when prices drop and nutrients peak. Plan meals around sale items. Discount grocers and ethnic markets often offer better prices on staples than chain stores. Don't overlook frozen vegetables; they're nutritionally comparable to fresh and reduce waste. Batch cooking:  Buying ingredients in larger quantities typically costs less per serving. Prepare large portions of beans, rice, and roasted vegetables to make different weekly meals. Use the full ingredient:  Save vegetable scraps and meat bones for homemade stocks. Peels of carrots, potatoes, and beetroot can be turned into crisps with a bit of oil and seasoning.  Remember, you're not alone. SECOR Cares - Parker, Colorado Organizations like SECOR Cares offer programs like the   Free Food Market  so families don't have to choose between putting food on the table and paying bills. Further reading:   Get assistance with acquiring food from SECOR Cares    6 Cheap and Healthy Recipes You Can Make for Dinner Under $10 Cooking wholesome, delicious family meals doesn't have to break the bank. These easy recipes cost less than $10 each and provide excellent nutritional value. Cheap Recipes With Chicken Crispy Garlic-Lemon Chicken Thighs Ingredients 1.5 pounds chicken thighs ($4) 2 tablespoons olive oil ($0.30) 4 garlic cloves, minced ($0.25) 1 lemon ($0.50) 1 teaspoon dried oregano ($0.10) Salt and pepper ($0.05) 2 cups frozen vegetables ($1.50) Method Pat chicken dry and season with salt, pepper, and oregano. Heat oil in a skillet over medium-high heat. Add chicken skin-side down and cook for 7 minutes until golden. Flip, add garlic and cook for 6 minutes more. Squeeze half the lemon over chicken, cut the remaining half into wedges. Microwave vegetables according to package instructions. Serve chicken over vegetables with lemon wedges.    Classic Chicken Soup Ingredients  2 lbs chicken thighs/drumsticks ($4.00) 2 carrots, chopped ($0.50) 2 celery stalks, chopped ($0.75) 1 onion, diced ($0.50) 2 garlic cloves, minced ($0.15) 8 cups water ($0) 1 bay leaf ($0.05) Salt and pepper ($0.05) Dried parsley ($0.25) 1 chicken bouillon cube ($0.25) Method Place chicken in a pot with water and bouillon. Bring to boil, reduce heat, simmer for 45 minutes. Remove chicken, shred meat. Skim broth, add vegetables, and bay leaf. Simmer for 20 minutes. Return chicken meat to pot. Season with salt, pepper and dried parsley.     Cheap Recipes with Ground Beef Asian Beef Vegetable Bowl  Ingredients  1lb ground beef ($5.00) 1 onion, diced ($0.50) 2 garlic cloves, minced ($0.20) 16oz frozen vegetables ($1.50) 3tbsp soy sauce ($0.25) 1tbsp brown sugar ($0.05) 1tsp ginger powder ($0.15) 2 cups rice ($1.00) Green onions (optional) ($0.75) Method Cook rice per package instructions. Brown beef in skillet; drain fat. Add onion and garlic; cook for 3 minutes. Add vegetables, soy sauce, sugar, and ginger. Simmer for 5 minutes. Serve over rice; garnish with green onions.  Easy Ground Beef Skillet Ingredients  Ingredients  1 pound ground beef ($4-5) 1 medium onion, diced ($0.50) 2 garlic cloves, minced ($0.25) 1 can (14.5oz) diced tomatoes ($1.00) 1 cup frozen mixed vegetables ($1.00) 1 cup uncooked rice ($0.50) 2 cups water 1 teaspoon Italian seasoning ($0.25) Salt and pepper to taste 1 cup shredded cheddar cheese ($2.00) Method Brown ground beef in a large skillet over medium heat. Drain excess fat. Add diced onion and minced garlic to the skillet; cook until softened, about 3-4 minutes. Stir in diced tomatoes, frozen vegetables, rice, water, Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat to low. Cover and simmer for 20 minutes  Sprinkle cheese. Cover and remove from heat until cheese melts.   Cheap Recipes with Rice  Easy Egg Fried Rice  Ingredients 3 cups cooked day-old rice ($0.75) 3 eggs, beaten ($1.50) 1/2 lb frozen mixed vegetables ($1.50) 2 green onions, sliced ($0.30) 3 cloves garlic, minced ($0.20) 2 tbsp vegetable oil ($0.20) 1/4 cup soy sauce ($0.50) 1 cup diced ham or leftover meat ($2.50) 1 tbsp sesame oil ($0.25) Method Heat oil in a large skillet or wok. Add garlic, cook for 30 seconds. Add eggs, scramble until just set. Add meat and vegetables, stir-fry 3 minutes.Add rice, breaking up clumps. Pour in soy sauce, stir well. Cook for 5 minutes Finish with green onions and sesame oil. Fiesta Rice & Beans Ingredients 2 cups rice ($1) 2 cans black beans ($1.78) 1 onion, diced ($0.50) 1 bell pepper ($1) 2 cloves garlic ($0.10) 1 can diced tomatoes with chilies ($0.99) 2 tbsp oil ($0.10) 1 tbsp taco seasoning ($0.25) 3 cups broth ($0.75) 1 lime ($0.50) Cilantro ($0.49) Method Sauté onion, pepper, garlic in oil. Add rice, taco seasoning, cook for 1 minute. Add beans, tomatoes, broth. Boil, then simmer covered for 20 minutes. Stir in lime juice, top with cilantro.  *Please note: The cost of ingredients above is an approximation Planning a Low Cost Meal: Quick Tips  Leanne Brown, author of "Good and Cheap" notes: "Every ingredient needs to work hard to earn its place in your grocery cart. When you're cooking on $4 a day, which is roughly what SNAP provides, ingredients need to be versatile and provide multiple meals." Start with a weekly meal plan before hitting the store. This helps you avoid tempting impulse buys that add up quickly. Stock up on cheap, filling staples like rice, beans, and oats. Keep an eye on what's in season! It tastes better and is way cheaper. Get creative with leftovers. Those roasted veggies from dinner can easily become tomorrow's lunch in a quick frittata.  Meat tends to be a budget-buster. Try using smaller portions. Eggs, beans, and lentils give you plenty of protein at a fraction of the cost. Thank you for exploring our collection of budget-friendly, healthy recipes! Frequently asked questions What meal can I make with $10? For $10, you can make a hearty pasta dish with garlic, olive oil, canned tomatoes, ground beef, and pasta. Alternatively, try a bean and rice bowl with canned beans, rice, frozen vegetables, and spices. What are some cheap recipes with chicken or ground beef? One-pot chicken and rice, slow cooker chicken tortilla soup or chili are some recipes you can make in bulk using chicken or ground beef.  How to cook with limited ingredients? Try one-pot dishes like soups or stir-fries. Rice, eggs, and beans can go a long way! Don't forget about garlic, herbs, and spices - they really bring simple dishes to life. Am I eligible for food stamps?  Eligibility depends on income, household size, assets, and citizenship status. Contact your local SNAP office or visit benefits.gov to apply and check your specific situation.

Written by Lauren Rice, Founder of Plastic Detox When you think about plastic pollution, you may envision marine life tangled up in plastic packages or piles of litter encroaching on natural scenery, but did you know that plastic pollution also impacts climate change on a much larger scale? In fact, “if the growth of plastic production continues at its current rate, by 2050, the plastic industry could account for 20% of the world's total oil consumption which will indirectly/directly contribute to Climate Change” [ 9 ]. Climate change is caused by a combination of power generation, manufacturing, food production, deforestation, transportation, and overconsumption. In many of these industries, plastic is a key product, allowing its continued production (and waste) to accelerate the rate of climate change. In understanding how plastic impacts climate change, we can make more informed decisions on where and how to cut back on our plastic consumption on an individual level. Terms to know Climate Change Changes in our average weather patterns Global Warming Increase in the average surface temperature of our planet Greenhouse Gas Gasses that trap heat in our atmosphere Anthropogenic Caused or impacted by human activities Bioplastics Created from natural resources like vegetable oils, carbohydrates, and starch Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) The idea that producers of plastic must bear the burden of managing the post-consumer waste Synthetic Describes products created from artificial chemicals, as opposed to natural materials What is climate change? The terms climate change and global warming are often used interchangeably, but they actually mean different things. Climate change refers to changes in our average weather patterns, while global warming refers to the “increase in the average surface temperature of our planet.” [ 5 ]. According to NASA in February 2022, the Earth’s average temperature was recorded at 59°F (15°C) [ 11 ]. Compare this to a mean temperature of 57°F (14°C) from 1951-1980 [TBD] [ 18 ]. [ 10 ] (Photo credit: NASA Earth Observatory) “In our current period of global warming, there’s been a well-documented rise of average temperatures around the globe since the industrial revolution in the 17 and 1800s” — [5] Crash Course, 2021. Let’s see how this takes place and why. Causes of climate change: Historical causes of climate change: orbital, atmospheric, slowly rearranging continents and oceans over time, and natural changes in levels of greenhouse gas [ 5 ]. Greenhouse gas emissions: Naturally occurring sources: methane (CH4), water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) [ 3 ]. Anthropogenic (human-caused) sources: burning of fossil fuels, power generation, manufacturing, modern agriculture, deforestation, transportation, and overconsumption. With decades of climate research to reference, we now know that climate change is normal and is the earth’s way of responding to environmental changes; however, humans do play a large role in just how much the earth is required to change. There is a “95% probability that human activities (like burning fossil fuels, industrialization, modern agriculture, and deforestation) have caused most of the earth’s warming since the mid-20th century” [ 5 ]. In 2020, the U.S. was responsible for 14% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, while accounting for only 5% of the world's population [ 3 ]. Continued emissions will lead to increased global warming and negatively impact the biodiversity of our ecosystems. Effects of climate change: Hotter temperatures Severe storms Increased drought severity/frequency Warming and rising oceans Loss of species Health risks Human and animal displacement What are greenhouse gases? Greenhouse gases are what trap heat in our atmosphere, which warms our planet. Some examples of greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor, and chlorofluorocarbons (man-made). Carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) is naturally removed from the atmosphere when absorbed by plants through their biological carbon cycle [ 7 ]. Greenhouse gases are essential to keep Earth at a livable temperature, but too much released at a rapid rate can lead to global warming and climate change at quicker rates than we are accustomed to [ 15 ]. “A report by the Tear Fund (2019) states that global plastic production emits 400Mt of greenhouse gasses each year…” [ 9 ]. Microscopic plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) are vital to capture carbon and transport it deep into our oceans, creating a balance in greenhouse gasses. However, these plankton are being contaminated with microplastic [ 1 ]. While more research is needed to observe how our environment is coping with the increase of greenhouse gasses, there is no doubt that in large numbers, they are causing more problems than we can keep up with. How the life cycle of plastic accelerates the problem of greenhouse gas Plastic creates pollution and greenhouse gasses at every stage of its life. Synthetic plastic (man-made plastic) is made from fossil fuels. From the beginning stages of the plastic lifecycle to the end, greenhouse gasses are released into our atmosphere. Naturally occurring greenhouse gasses are good for our atmosphere and keep the earth warm, but too many can lead to problems. Plastic pollution creates more greenhouse gasses than would normally occur in nature. “In 2019, the production and incineration of plastic will add more than 850 million metric tons of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere—equal to the emissions from 189 five-hundred-megawatt coal power plants” [ 1 ]. Right now, we are seeing growing concerns about global warming and climate change, which led us to explore just how much plastic impacts these changes on Earth. The beginning of plastic pollution → Extraction of fossil fuel → Transportation → Refining into desired consistency → Manufacturing of plastic products Plastic pollution first starts at the point of extraction. Synthetic plastic is made from fossil fuels like crude oil, natural gas, and coal, all of which release greenhouse gasses like methane when extracted from the earth. They are then transported to a facility where they are refined and treated with heat (a process called cracking—not to be confused with fracking), creating a variety of different plastic polymers depending on their desired functionality. Refineries and manufacturers of plastic are one of the fastest growing sources of greenhouse gas emissions [ 14 ]. Expansion plans are already underway with the plastic industry set to invest $204 billion in plastic production by 2025 [ 2 ]. Plastic contributes to higher greenhouse emission through sources like wastewater, leakage from plastic landfills, incineration fumes, transportation, and methane from landfills [ 9 ]. The useful life of plastic → Consumer consumption → Product use Once plastic products are created, they are ready to be transported to stores and then to customers. According to CIEL in 2019 [ 2 ], 40% of these products were considered single-use plastics. These are items like product packaging, food packaging, plastic bags, plastic utensils, and single-serving water bottles. Products that aren’t single-use still pose a threat to our environment because most will not end up being recycled. The end of plastics’ useful life → Managing plastic waste in communities, landscapes, waterways, & oceans → Managing waste sent to recycling centers → Recycled, dumped in landfills, or incinerated Most plastics' negative impact on our climate occurs towards the end of their useful life. After plastic is used, it can be disposed of by the consumer in a few different ways: in a recycling bin, in the trash, or in the form of litter. After the consumer decides on how they will handle it, it then falls into the hands of the local waste management systems. Recycling is the main solution for dealing with plastic waste, but recycling centers worldwide are bursting at the seams [ 2 ]. When recycling centers can’t keep up with all the incoming plastic, incineration is the next option for dealing with the overwhelming influx of plastic waste. The problem is that this option is one of the worst solutions for the climate [ 2 ]. As for the plastic that doesn't successfully make it to recycling centers, it will either end up in landfills, incineration centers, or polluting our lands and oceans. Worse, once “[that] plastic breaks down, it releases ethylene and methane… methane traps atmospheric heat at 25 times the rate of carbon dioxide over a century” [ 6 ]. In order to improve solutions for plastic, there needs to be more education and transparency on the topic of plastic pollution and how we manage it at every stage. Continued emissions will lead to further global warming [ 14 ]. I do not believe that plastic was invented to harm our planet, but now that we know that it does, it's up to us to support in the management of the waste we create. You can check out more on how to recycle your plastic waste here. Status of current policies and efforts in reducing climate change The U.S. is responsible for more plastic waste than any other country to date [ 6 ], which is alarming considering the fact that the U.S. only accounts for 5% of the global population. Luckily, the U.S. isn’t the only country that has taken notice of the damages pollution is causing on the climate. The Paris Agreement , a legally binding international treaty implemented to help mitigate climate change, was effective November of 2016. Since then, 194 Parties have joined the agreement. Key elements of the Paris Agreement : Sustainably reduce greenhouse gas emissions & limit temperature rise to 2/1.5°C Review countries’ commitments and progress to cutting emissions every five years Help underdeveloped countries finance ways to develop resilience to climate impacts [ 17 ]. Since its inception in 2016, climate action has needed to massively increase in order to meet the requirements of the Paris Agreement. While many improvements have been made in the power and transportation sectors, we are not currently on track to meet the long-term climate goals of the Paris Agreement [ 16 ]. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) uses two programs to measure greenhouse gas emissions and use the data to inform the public and policymakers. The EPA aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through initiative and partnership programs [ 7 ]. It is unclear what our current success rate is in reaching the goals of the Paris Agreement, but what we do know is that action is required at every level (from government to consumers) in order to see improvement on climate change. Solutions to slow climate change through plastic management Vote against the expansion of oil, gas, and petrochemical plants. Plant more trees! Carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) is removed from the atmosphere when it is absorbed by plants through their biological carbon cycle [ 7 ]. Participate and support a low-waste lifestyle in your local community. For example, buy from farmer's markets, buy loose fruits and veggies, buy from bulk bins, choose low plastic or package-free options, compost, and buy second-hand. Choose plastic alternative products for everyday use, like refillable water bottles , compostable trash bags , and compostable products for on the go. Check out alternatives like bioplastics (but be sure to understand how to properly dispose of these as most are not recyclable in a curbside collection bin). Vote for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes where the producer bears the responsibility for the pollution it is creating. Conclusion Plastic pollution impacts the environment at every point of its lifecycle. By having a clear picture of what climate change is, we can see how plastic plays a part. Incorporating plastic into our daily lives the way that we have, at such rapid rates, is harming our climate. Understanding the relationship between plastic and our environment is key to making more informed purchase choices on an individual level. By finding alternatives to single-use and other plastic products, we can help to slow down the pollution caused by plastic, and in turn, slow the rate at which global warming is happening. Check out how Plastic Detox is making an impact! Resources: [1] Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) (May 2019). Plastic & Climate: The Hidden Costs of a Plastic Planet. Retrieved from: https://www.ciel.org/project-update/plastic-climate-the-hidden-costs-of-a-plastic-planet/ [2] Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) (Dec. 2019). Plastic is Accelerating the Climate Crisis [Video] . YouTube. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgSBzfa-eKk [3] Center for Sustainable Systems, University of Michigan. (n.d). Greenhouse Gases Factsheet [Data set] . Retrieved from: https://css.umich.edu/publications/factsheets/climate-change/greenhouse-gases-factsheet [4] Chameides, B. (2007). Picturing a ton of CO2. Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved from: https://blogs.edf.org/climate411/2007/02/20/picturing-a-ton-of-co2/ [5] Crash Course (May 2021). What is Climate Change? Crash Course Geography #14 [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tMwFNMfjFuU [6] Crawford, I. (Aug 2022). Would stopping plastic pollution help with climate change? How do we do it? MIT Climate Portal. https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/would-stopping-plastic-pollution-help-climate-change-how-do-we-do-it [7] EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency (May 2022). Overview of Greenhouse Gases. Retrieved from: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases [8] EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency (November, 2022). What EPA Is Doing About Climate Change. Retrieved from: https://www.epa.gov/climate-change/what-epa-doing-about-climate-change [9] Mahapatra, P. C., Sahu, B. K., & Mohanty, A. K. (2020). Plastic Waste, Health & Climate Change: Issues & Challenges of Odisha. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 11(6), 735–741. [10] NASA Earth Observatory (2023). World of Change: Global Temperatures [Infographic] . Retrieved from: https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/global-temperatures [11] NASA, Solar System Exploration (Feb. 2022). Solar System Temperatures. Retrieved from: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/681/solar-system-temperatures/#:~:text=The%20mean%20temperatures%20of%20planets,%C2%B0F%20(15%C2%B0C) [12] NASA, Climate Kids (Dec. 2022). Meet the Greenhouse Gases. Retrieved from: https://climatekids.nasa.gov/greenhouse-cards/ [13] OECD (Sept. 2018). Improving Plastics Management: Trends, policy responses, and the role of international co-operation and trade. Retrieved from: https://www.oecd.org/environment/waste/policy-highlights-improving-plastics-management.pdf [14] Shen, M., Huang, W., Chen, M., Song, B., Zeng, G., & Zhang, Y. (2020). (Micro)plastic crisis: Un-ignorable contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120138 [15] Sneideman, J. & Twamley, E. (2020). Climate Change : The Science Behind Melting Glaciers and Warming Oceans with Hands-On Science Activities. Nomad Press. [16] United Nations Climate Change (n.d.) The Paris Agreement. Retrieved from: https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement [17] United Nations (n.d.) The Paris Agreement. Retrieved from: https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement [18] Hansen, Ruedy, Sato, & Lo (Dec. 2010).Global Surface Temperature Change. Advancing Earth and Space Science. Retrieved from: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2010RG000345