Written by Lauren Rice Tired of plastic trash bags that tear, smell, and contribute to the planet’s pollution problem?  So was I. After years of frustration and guilt, I decided to make a switch—and what I found might just change how you think about taking out the trash. Meet Plastno: the compostable trash bag that’s been a surprisingly simple (and sustainable) game-changer in my kitchen. Product details 13-gallon, fits most standard tall kitchen bins Measures 24” x 28” x 1 Mil Drawstring closure Great for trash, composting, or recycling TUV Certified home compostable BPI Certified industrial compostable  Plant-based trash bags made with Cornstarch, Polylactic Acid (PLA), and Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) Ease of use Using Plastno's compostable trash bags is as straightforward as using traditional plastic bags. They fit perfectly in my standard 13-gallon trash can, and the process of filling, tying, and disposing of them was seamless. No special handling or adjustments were needed. Durability One of my primary concerns was whether these bags would be sturdy enough to handle regular household waste. I completed a weight test with 15-pound weights and a leak test with 8 cups of water. I was pleasantly surprised that they held up so well. There was no tearing or leaking, which was a major plus. Eco-friendliness Knowing that these bags are made from cornstarch, PLA, and PBAT – all plant-based materials – gave me peace of mind. While I did not test the compostability of these bags myself, the bags are TUV-Certified for home composting and BPI-Certified for industrial composting. This means they’ll quickly break down in both home composting piles and commercial facilities leaving no toxic residue behind. Plus, all packaging is plastic-free and recyclable. The plastic-free experience is something I deeply appreciate as a business that aims to provide safer plastic alternatives. Competitor product comparison After testing both HoldOn bags and Plastno compostable bags , I found that overall, Plastno offers better value. With eco-friendly materials and competitive pricing, Plastno compostable bags exceed expectations for sustainable waste management. But don't take my word for it, check out the differences below. Feature Plastno compostable trash bags HoldOn compostable trash bags Capacity 13-gallons 13-gallons Quantity per box 30 bags 40 bags Dimensions 24" x 28" x 1 mil 24" x 27" x .98 mil Material Made with plant-based materials like Cornstarch, Polylactic Acid (PLA), and Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) Made with a combination of plant-based and compostable materials Certifications TUV - Certified home compostable & BPI - Certified industrial compostable BPI - Certified industrial compostable Price $18.00 for 30 bags $25.70 for 40 bags Cost per bag $0.60 $0.64 Closure Drawstring handles Drawstring handles Good for Trash, Composting, Recycling Trash, Composting, Recycling How to use Avoid tossing excess liquid into bags. Take out trash every 7-10 days Avoid tossing excess liquid into bags. Take out trash every 2-3 days Price comparison Plastno's compostable trash bags are priced at $18.00 for 30 13-gallon bags. This works out to about $0.60 per bag. In comparison, HoldOn's compostable trash bags cost $25.70 for a box of 40 bags, which breaks down to approximately $0.64 per bag. Traditional plastic trash bags can be significantly cheaper. For instance, a similar pack of 30 traditional 13-gallon plastic bags might cost around $10.00, or roughly $0.33 per bag. While both Plastno and HoldOn's bags are more expensive than traditional plastic bags, the additional cost is reflected in their use of certified compostable materials and sustainable packaging. By choosing either brand, you're investing in a product that helps reduce single-use plastic waste and supports a more sustainable future. Final thoughts Switching to Plastno's compostable trash bags has been a purchase I can feel good about. Not only do they function just as well as traditional plastic bags, but they also offer the added benefit of being compostable. Now there is a solution to throw out your waste without adding more plastic pollution. Knowing that I'm making a small but significant step towards reducing plastic waste makes the change even more worthwhile. If you're looking for environmentally friendly trash bags , I highly recommend giving Plastno's compostable trash bags a try. They’ve made a noticeable difference in my household, and I’m confident they will do the same for you. Save 15% using code "PLASTIC_DETOX_" at checkout – Shop here! Have you tried any compostable trash bags? Share your experiences in the comments below!

Written by Rebecca Stump The world loves plastic. It’s versatile, light, convenient, and cheap to produce– so it makes sense why it’s the world’s top choice for convenience in our modern-day lifestyles. But with all those benefits, come huge problems. Take a moment and think about your daily life. How often do you use the following plastic products: shopping bags, water bottles, cotton swab sticks, Ziploc bags, shampoo bottles, packs of gum, cutlery, coffee cup lids, six-pack rings, take-out containers, toys, balloons, food bottles (ketchup, mustard, mayo, yogurt), straws, bread bags, and packaging material? Every day? Multiple times a day? If you have used these products recently, don’t worry, you’re not alone. Let’s look at some statistics: Thirty-five million tons of plastic waste is produced each year Two million tons of plastic bottles are consumed worldwide every five minutes Sixty thousand plastic shopping bags are used every five seconds Around 50% of plastic waste we produce globally is single-use and thrown away almost immediately So, what's the problem with plastic? Out of those millions of tons of plastic, only 7% are recycled and only 1% of the plastic is considered bio-based, compostable, or biodegradable. That means that almost 90% of our plastic ends up burned, in landfills, or in our oceans. When plastic is disposed of this way, it threatens air quality, soil fertility, marine life, and human health. Let’s take a closer look: Danger to our land On land, plastic litters our streets and waterways causing blocked drains. These blockages lead to flooding, and the flooded areas become breeding grounds for water-born diseases and bacteria that cause diarrhea. When plastic collects, it releases a toxic liquid runoff called leachate, which can contaminate soil and groundwater making the water undrinkable. Plastic piles are also a breeding ground for flies, vermin, and mosquitoes which can transmit diseases like malaria. Because of a mismanaged removal of waste, these plastics find their way into our rivers and eventually into the ocean . Danger to marine life Around 18 billion pounds of plastic waste flows into the oceans every year– most coming from garbage traveling by land. Once in the ocean, the ocean currents carry that plastic thousands of miles to every part of the globe. Plastic has been found in all marine habitats as well as the most remote places on earth! Because of the way the currents flow, a large portion of the garbage ends up in six giant “garbage patches”. The largest one is double the size of Texas! Instead of decomposing, the plastic simply continues to break up into smaller and smaller pieces that are easily mistaken for food by sea creatures . When they eat the plastic, they can choke, rupture their gut, suffer intestinal blockage, stunted growth, and reproduction issues. We’ve all seen the turtle with the straw up its nose, or the fish stuck in the six-pack ring. Those pictures aren’t just for shock value. Over 100,000 marine animals die from plastic consumption each year. It’s not only wreaking havoc on marine life; scientists have now found a growing rate of microplastics in the seafood we consume. So, when we pollute the ocean, we are hurting not only marine life but also ourselves. Danger to our air Burning trash is a convenient way to get rid of large amounts of garbage quickly. Although convenient, when we burn trash, we pollute the air around us– the air we all need to use every day to stay alive. When trash is burned, it releases pollutants that increase the risk of diseases such as heart disease and cancer, respiratory ailments, skin and eye diseases, nausea and headaches, and damage to the reproductive and nervous systems. Not only is burning plastic harmful, but the actual creation of plastic is too. Plastic production is the cause of 40% of greenhouse gas emissions every year making it one of the leading causes of global warming . From creation to elimination, plastic is poisoning our air. Sounds bleak, right? Well, while it is true that plastic has been a detriment to our ecological systems, we have the power to change our behaviors to lessen the impact of plastic consumption. Even better news? Making the switch to plastic-free alternatives is easy! With just a few quick behavioral adjustments, we can all be living in a healthier world. 10 Ways you can reduce plastic waste: Here are ten actionable steps that you can take to reduce the widespread issue of plastic pollution. Recycle This is a great option. However, the sad reality is that plastic recycling is confusing and often products contain one or more pieces that can’t be recycled. Check the recycling number before you toss it. Related reading: Recycling: What No One Told You.   Shop in bulk or at package-free stores Even though buying in bulk still uses plastic, it will use much less than buying the smaller alternatives. Plastic-free stores are popping up in most major cities; make it a date adventure and go give it a try! Repurpose single-use plastic If you have those shampoo bottles, soap, or take-out containers, wash them, and fill them back up again. Buy used Shopping thrift stores are all the rage these days, and this is one time when bending to peer pressure is a good thing! Switch to solid cleaning bars Shampoo, conditioner, and soap bottles are so last year, switch to bars instead! Make some noise Tell companies and government officials that you want more plastic-free alternatives in stores. Use phone calls and your social media to make change instead of endless scrolling of adorable cat videos. Shop for plastic-free products There are plenty of options to help you ditch single-use plastic. Here are just a few: Cling wrap→ Reusable wax wraps Plastic bottles→ Reusable bottle   Frequent coffee shop customer? Bring a travel mug Straws and plastic cutlery→ Travel cutlery set Plastic bags→ Reusable shopping bags & cotton produce bags Plastic razor→ Reusable metal razor Sponges/scrubbers→ Instead use ones made from natural fibers   Plastic cotton swabs→   Bamboo Cotton Buds Tablets & sheets Toothpaste is now offered in tablets and laundry detergent comes in detergent sheets! I know, we’re as excited as you are! Washable cloth diapers I know you feel a little like you’re back in prairie times, but they had a good thing going with their reusable diapers. Shop locally When you shop locally, your products are less likely to be packaged in plastic for the journey– especially if you go to a local farmer’s market. If you must go to a grocery store, you could bring reusable produce bags if you’re feeling fancy! Finally, it is often helpful to join a community of like-minded individuals who care. Find out when your next community initiative is taking place to pick up trash, clean the beach, or increase awareness. Whether it is joining a clean-up, pressuring big companies to make the switch, or swapping out those plastic bottles for bars, the choices you make can have real, lasting, positive impacts on our planet. How to choose the right plastic alternatives Choose companies you can trust A great first step to finding out if a company is eco-friendly is to check product materials or a third-party seal. A third-party seal means that the company has been vetted by an organization committed to limiting the environmental impact of consumerism. Common examples: Green Seal, Certified B Corporation (B Corp), Energy Star, and Environmental Working Group (EWG) verified. Choose the right materials Try to find items that are made from natural, recycled, compostable, and/or clean (no toxic or potentially harmful chemicals) ingredients. If the company doesn’t advertise what the product is made from, you can bet it's plastic. Certified compostable plastic: Biodegradable Products Institute (BPI), TÜV Austria, ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), and Compost Manufacturing Alliance (CMA). Related reading: What are compostable plastics? Find products with longevity If a product can be reused or will last a long time, it will have a lower environmental impact. If it can be recycled or composted after use, that is even better! Find producers who package sustainably Look for recyclable or compostable packaging. The less packaging overall, the better for the planet. Don’t be fooled by the color green (aka greenwashing ) Just because a company says they are eco-friendly doesn’t mean they are telling the truth. Make sure to look at the ingredients and materials. Check for that third-party certification. What impact you can make In one year, you could cut back on plastic pollution by: o 156 plastic bottles o 307 plastic bags o 4+ plastic toothbrushes o 100 pounds of plastic waste Every small choice you make creates a huge difference in the world. So, why not start today ? Do it for the animals. Do it for future generations. Do it for you. Need help getting started? Head to the Plastic Detox Shop for plastic alternatives to get you started on your plastic-free journey.

Written by Lauren Rice Composting is nature's way of recycling organic waste, such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and paper products, into nutrient-rich soil. Here’s how it works: these materials are piled together and left to decompose with the help of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. This breakdown results in the creation of compost, a nutrient-rich substance perfect for use anywhere in your yard that will help your plants thrive.  Whether you're a seasoned composter or a beginner eager to try composting, this guide is packed with fantastic tips just for you! Is composting good for the environment? The importance of composting for the environment cannot be overstated. According to the USDA and EPA, approximately 30-40% of all food available in the United States is lost or wasted [ 1 ]. Composting is an effective way to divert waste from overflowing landfills, but it also reduces greenhouse gas emissions and helps conserve water by improving soil quality and structure. As outlined by Project Drawdown , composting ranks among the top three solutions for mitigating carbon emissions in our atmosphere [ 2 ]. Composting is a powerful tool for a more sustainable way of living, so we are excited to share our experiences with you. 5 Composting methods to try 1. Traditional backyard composting Traditional backyard composting is a straightforward and widely practiced method for recycling organic waste right in your backyard. This can be done by creating a compost pile or using a compost bin. After choosing your preferred method you can begin collecting your scraps. We recommend a countertop bin to collect kitchen scraps. You 'll need to maintain a balance of roughly 50% green materials and 50% brown materials. Green materials (aka nitrogen), are items such as fruit and vegetable scraps, and brown materials (aka carbon) are things like leaves or cardboard. This balance provides the necessary nutrients for decomposition. Regularly turning the compost pile or bin helps aerate the mixture, speeding up the decomposition process and preventing unpleasant odors. Quick Troubleshooting: Bad oder? Add more browns. Too dry? Add more greens. Too wet? Turn your compost to allow for aeration. With just a bit of effort getting started and the right mix of materials, you can turn your kitchen and yard waste into compost. 2. Vermicomposting (worm composting) Worm composting, also known as vermicomposting, is an excellent method for turning organic waste into nutrient-rich compost using worms, particularly red wiggler worms. Perfect for small spaces and indoor composting setups, worm composting is easy to set up and maintain. You can either buy one or make your own. To get started, you'll need a multi-tiered container with air holes, bedding material like shredded newspaper or cardboard, and, of course, some hungry worms. Add your organic waste to the bin, and let the worms do their magic. They'll break down the materials into nutrient-rich compost, which you can then use to fertilize your plants. Give it a try and watch your garden thrive with healthy, worm-crafted compost. 3. Trench composting Trench composting is a low-cost, low-effort method for enriching your soil without the need for a large compost bin. This simple, yet effective, technique involves burying kitchen scraps directly in a trench dug in your garden. To get started, dig a trench about 12-18 inches deep in your garden bed. Then, layer your kitchen scraps, such as fruit and vegetable peelings, directly into the trench. Cover the scraps with soil and water thoroughly. Over time, the buried organic matter will decompose, enriching the soil with valuable nutrients. Trench composting is an efficient way to recycle kitchen waste without the need for a large compost bin. 4. Electric kitchen composting bins Electric composting bins offer a convenient solution for creating compost quickly and are great for small living spaces. While this option isn't the most sustainable of our methods, electric composters are designed for those who want to reduce food waste but don't have the space to compost outdoors or feel intimidated by traditional composting. With electric composting bins simply add your organic waste to the bin, press start, and let it work its magic. Many indoor composters are designed to be odor-free and compact, making them perfect for indoor use. Fun fact: this is the method I first tried before moving on to an outdoor composting method. With an electric kitchen compost bin, you can reduce food waste, all from the comfort of your home. 5. Curbside composting service If do-it-yourself composting isn’t for you, don’t worry, we have you covered. Most cities offer food scrap curbside collection services as a convenient way to recycle organic waste right from your doorstep. In 2018, according to USDA and EPA data, the residential sector produced a staggering 25 million tons of food waste. Shockingly, 66% of this waste ended up in landfills, while a mere 3% was composted [ 1 ]. Let’s change that. This hassle-free service allows you to dispose of food scraps like fruit and vegetable peelings, coffee grounds, and eggshells without worrying about them ending up in landfills. Simply separate your food scraps into a designated bin provided by your local compost company, and they'll take care of the rest. These services are a great way to reduce waste and contribute to the production of nutrient-rich compost for you and your local community. If you are local to Colorado, we recommend Castle Rock Composting . By participating in a food scrap curbside collection service, you're taking a simple yet impactful step towards a more sustainable future. Ingredients to include in your compost Creating nutrient-rich compost starts with understanding the balance between green and brown materials. Green materials provide nitrogen, while brown materials offer carbon; both are essential in creating balance in your compost. The goal is to have about 50% green materials (aka nitrogen) and 50% brown materials (aka carbon). Green materials to include (50%): Fruit and vegetable scraps Plant trimmings Grass clippings Manure Coffee grounds Seaweed Eggshells Brown materials to include (50%): Corrugated cardboard Corn stalks Twigs Sawdust Paper Brown fall leaves Wood chips 100% Cotton Fabric Mixing these ingredients properly creates the ideal environment for microorganisms to break down the organic matter into compost. Achieving the right balance of these components is key to successful composting. It’s also what keeps unwanted odors and pests out of your compost. Remember, diversity is key—mixing different types of waste ensures a balanced diet for your compost pile. Beginner dos and don'ts of composting Let's talk about what not to put in your compost. Avoid adding meat, dairy, and oily foods, as they can attract pests and create unpleasant odors. Also, steer clear of pet waste, which can introduce harmful bacteria to your compost. For a full list of items to steer clear of check out, what to avoid adding to a backyard compost pile  [ 3 ]. Now, onto the do's. Keep your compost pile healthy by turning your compost pile or bin every 3-4 days to aerate the materials and speed up decomposition. You want your compost to be moist, similar to a wrung-out rag, this will help keep those microorganisms happy and active.  Signs that your compost is ready to use Finished compost should have a dark, crumbly texture that resembles rich soil. It should no longer resemble the original materials you put into the pile. Ready-to-use compost should have an earthy, pleasant smell, similar to freshly turned soil. If your compost has a strong, unpleasant odor, it may need more time to decompose fully. As organic materials decompose, they generate heat. A compost pile that has finished decomposing will no longer feel warm to the touch. Depending on factors such as the size of the pile, the mix of materials, and environmental conditions, composting can take anywhere from 4 weeks to 12 months.  By observing these signs, you can determine when your compost is ready to be used as a nutrient-rich soil amendment in your garden beds or containers, providing your plants with the nourishment they need to thrive. As we conclude, it's evident that this simple yet powerful practice of composting holds immense value by diverting organic waste from landfills and harnessing its potential to enrich our soil. Whether you're just starting to compost or looking to enhance your existing skills, the key lies in understanding the basics. Remember, composting is a journey, not a destination, so don't be afraid to experiment and learn along the way. Stay connected with us for more tips, guides, and inspiration by subscribing to our blog page. Together, let's continue nurturing our planet and reaping the rewards of a greener, more vibrant world. Happy composting! References: [1] U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2018). Don’t Waste Uneaten Food! Retrieved from: https://www.usda.gov/sites/default/files/documents/usda-food-waste-infographic.pdf [2] Project Drawdown (n.d.) Table of Solutions. Retrieved from: https://drawdown.org/solutions/table-of-solutions [3] U.S. EPA (Dec. 2023). Composting at Home. Retrieved from: https://www.epa.gov/recycle/composting-home#ingred

Written by Alexandria Nicosia From the packaging used to store food, to clothing and building materials, plastic is everywhere–polluting our land, oceans, and ecosystems at an alarming rate. It’s creating constant problems that need urgent attention. Unfortunately, plastic is difficult to avoid. It’s abundant and deeply integrated into our daily lives. Especially through the use of single-use plastics which is so pervasive that most people don’t go a single day without it. Before a plastic product is even used, it has already harmed the environment through production and manufacturing processes, and it causes issues long after you toss it away. So let’s dive into the lifespan of single-use plastic and focus on just a few of the environmental determinants the processes cause. How plastic is produced The negative environmental impacts of plastic start at the beginning during the manufacturing stage of plastic production. The current methods pose environmental risks like increased air, water, and land pollution [5] . Harvesting the materials needed to make plastic releases CO2 into our atmosphere which emits greenhouse gasses, pollution in our atmosphere, and into the ozone layer [8] . Plastic can be made of either bio-based or synthetic materials. Bio-based plastic is typically made from things like starch, vegetable oils, carbohydrates, and other naturally occurring substances; however, most of the plastics we know and use are synthetic, meaning they are extracted from fossil fuels (or non-renewable energy sources) such as crude oil, coal, and natural gases [2] . This is usually done through hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, which is a process that releases gas and oil by shooting a combination of water and chemicals to break rock formations. Fracking can lead to a lot of negative repercussions for the environment and humans, especially if a leakage occurs [4] . After their extraction, the oil and gas are transferred to refineries through pipes where they are processed and undergo a process called "cracking". Cracking converts the oil into ethylene gas, which is then used to create polymers that make polyethylene. Polyethylene can then be molded into various shapes, such as laundry detergent jugs or plastic bags [6] . So the next time you pick up your laundry detergent jug, think about the process it underwent to be there. The lifespan of single-use plastic Every single-use plastic item has a different usage time. For example: an average plastic bag is only used for ten to fifteen minutes—typically the time it takes to get groceries from the store to your home—before it is discarded in some way. However, after it’s disposed of a plastic bag can take 10-20 years to degrade in the environment or landfill while a water bottle can take up to 450 years . People either take their discarded plastic products to a curbside recycling bin, throw them away in the garbage, or litter them onto the street to become an eye-sore for passersby [4] . Eventually, if given the time to break down, plastic breaks down to become microplastics. These microplastics seep into the environment and waterways finding their way into the stomachs of marine life and other creatures that humans end up eating. Microplastics are so pervasive they’ve recently been found in mother’s breast milk and the human heart. Plastic is everywhere. Even when you don’t realize it. Is recycling plastic the solution?: The 10% reality Recycling is one of the few methods available to get rid of plastic after its final use; however, it is not a comprehensive solution to ending the plastic waste crisis. While recycling is helpful, it presents organizational challenges, requires significant energy, and might unintentionally promote continued plastic consumption because people feel like when they recycle, they aren’t harming the environment, when in fact, that isn’t true. Why? Because not all plastic is recyclable and the reliability of recycling varies drastically from state to state, and even down to municipality. Only 10% of plastic is recycled. Moreover, plastics have limitations in their recyclability—repeated recycling leads to lower-quality plastic that eventually becomes non-recyclable [3] . Learn more about recycling plastic here . To find help with which plastics you can and cannot recycle, use this resource: What Can I Recycle? Where 90% of plastic ends up We’ve all seen the images of plastic infiltrating our oceans– the turtle with the straw up its nose, the fish trapped in a six-pack ring, or birds with mouthfuls of plastic bags. We’ve seen these photos because it's a huge problem, and our plastic does end up in the ocean. Right now, The Great Pacific Garbage Patch currently has 79,000 metric tons which is almost incomprehensible. The worst part? Plastic doesn’t just end up in our oceans, plastic ends up in landfills and the incinerator too. Plastic in our oceans Forbes.com In the ocean, there are a huge number of plastic pieces—about 5.25 trillion. Out of all that plastic, 269,000 tons are floating on the surface of the water. In the deep sea, there are around four billion tiny plastic pieces called microfibers in each square kilometer [7] . The ocean is full of plastic pollution that wreaks havoc on marine life and ecosystems [6] —not to mention the damage that microplastics cause (read more in our blog on microplastics in the ocean ). Plastic—as it floats, sinks, or destroys a habitat—can be harmful to animals, especially when they get stuck in it, or digest it which can cause loss of limbs, choking, clogging their bowels, or starvation because they think they are full when really their stomachs are just full of undigested plastic [1] . As the plastic moves into the ocean through rivers and streams, it can create such a massive buildup that it actually creates a dam. This hinders the natural cycle and movement of our waterways. When water stagnates, it becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes and other disease carrying bugs. Plastic sent to landfills In the landfill, plastic can sit for hundreds of years and during this process, the plastic can leak toxins and contaminants into our soil and groundwater [6] . Contaminated soil and groundwater are problematic to human health, as well as to animals and ecosystems. Plastic sent to incinerators When plastic is incinerated, it releases carbon dioxide and mercury, both which can be toxic, into our environment [6] . Studies have shown that some of the chemicals released from burning plastic may even produce a higher likelihood of cancer. If plastic bags or containers used for agriculture have pesticides or harmful substances on them, those substances can also be released into the air when burned, or chemicals like chlorine may stick to plants (trees, grass, flowers) and find their way into the food web [9] . As you can see, wherever it ends up, plastic is detrimental and causes long-term issues that are not worth the fifteen minutes of usage it typically takes for our convenience. The path to reducing single-use plastic As you can see, plastic doesn't start and finish when we pick it up and end when we toss it away—its impact goes far beyond that. What we often use for convenience lasts generations on our planet, harming ecosystems, animals, and even humans. But it isn’t all doom and gloom. You can easily begin to reduce your plastic consumption throughout the day. Bring a reusable shopping bag, use a reusable coffee cup, buy detergent sheets, or participate in a BYOC (bring your own container) where you can refill your soaps over and over again. Every single one of these simple choices will have a positive effect on our environment and overall human health. Check out our blog Is a Plastic-free Life Possible . If you want to get even more serious about reducing your plastic consumption, participate in public clean-up events, support brands that are plastic-free or waste-conscious, and look into politics revolving around protecting our environment. By choosing reusable instead of single-use, we can help reduce this plastic issue one product at a time. Visit Plastic Detox for a wide range of plastic-free products. Citations: [1] Animals stuck in Plastic & Endangerment . Plastic Soup Foundation. (2020, May 1). https://www.plasticsoupfoundation.org/en/plastic-problem/plastic-affect-animals/animal-stuck-plastic/?gclid=CjwKCAjwh8mlBhB_EiwAsztdBHwtXpz6tDaOR000aKFfBBg5EtiZyfntQh5rdBb49x529-JJIBaOtxoCqhsQAvD_BwE [2] Baheti, P. (n.d.). How Is Plastic Made? A Simple Step-By-Step Explanation . British Plastics Federation. https://www.bpf.co.uk/plastipedia/how-is-plastic-made.aspx#:~:text=Plastic%20can%20either%20be%20’synthetic,bacteria%20and%20other%20biological%20substances [3] Brown, N. (2021, April 10). The Life Cycle of Plastics . Debris-Free Oceans. https://debrisfreeoceans.org/the-life-cycle-of-plastics [4] Huun, K. (2022, February 23). Issues with Plastic Bags & the Ripple Effect . University of Colorado Environmental Center. https://www.colorado.edu/ecenter/2022/02/23/issues-plastic-bags-ripple-effect [5] Lewis, Y., Gower, A., & Notten, P. (2021). Single-use plastic tableware and its alternatives . Life Cycle Initiative. https://lifecycleinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/UNEP-D001-Tableware-Report_Lowres.pdf [6] The Life Cycle of Plastic Laundry Detergent Jugs . Dropps. (13AD). https://www.dropps.com/blogs/spincycle/the-life-cycle-of-plastic-laundry-detergent-jugs?gclid=Cj0KCQjw1rqkBhCTARIsAAHz7K2rlkPpJDIxmmWQv-qmZQdCr37TQikzdpHUhnA8tG2xY59dSpC4zi8aAmtzEALw_wcB [7] Parker, L. (2022, June 2). Ocean Trash: 5.25 Trillion Pieces and Counting, but Big Questions Remain . National Geographic. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ocean-trash-525-trillion-pieces-and-counting-big-questions-remain/ [8] Plastic pollution: The Long Lasting Problem . OceanCare. (n.d.). https://www.oceancare.org/en/marine-conservation/plastic-pollution/ [9] Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. (n.d.). Open Burning . Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/OpenBurning/Impacts.html#:~:text=Impacts%20of%20Smoke%20from%20Burning%20Trash%20and%20Plastic&text=Burning%20plastic%20and%20treated%20wood,been%20shown%20to%20cause%20cancer

Written by Alexandria Nicosia Did you know that an annual sum of approximately 8 million tons of plastic winds up in our oceans? The health of wildlife, ecosystems, and even humans are all affected by this obscene amount of plastic pollution spreading across the globe [ 2 ]. However, not everyone knows or talks about the not-so-widely-known byproduct of plastic: microplastics. If you follow the news, you may have seen titles such as Study Discovers Microplastics in Human Veins, How Much Microplastic Am I Eating, or Microplastics Found in Human Breast Milk . These headlines are alarming, so in order to figure out what is going on, we decided to do our own research on the topic. This is what we found… What are microplastics? Why are microplastics a problem? How to avoid and reduce microplastics? 8 ways to avoid microplastics Change needs to happen What are microplastics? Microplastics are simply tiny fragments of plastic, typically 5 mm or smaller—about the size of a pencil eraser. Despite their size, plastic never fully biodegrades, lingering in the environment indefinitely. This means that once plastic is created, it will continue to exist in our ecosystems for centuries. Microplastics are troublesome because their small size makes them challenging to filter out and impossible to recycle, which unfortunately leads to them ending up in our environment. Microplastics come from primary and secondary sources , meaning they can either be intentionally created for the use of consumer products or they are a byproduct of larger plastic items. Primary microplastics are intentionally created microplastics integrated into commercial products for customer use, such as microbeads. Secondary microplastics are formed from larger plastic items broken down by natural environmental forces, such as ocean waves or the heat of the sun. Primary microplastics Primary microplastics like microbeads are a type of microplastic typically found in products revolving around health and beauty for their exfoliating qualities. These include toothpaste, body scrubs, glittery makeup, or even microfibers in the materials of the clothes we wear. According to a representative of Moms Clean Air Force , “microbeads are usually made from non-biodegradable plastic [and] most commonly show up on labels as synthetic compounds like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and nylon…”—over 300,000 microbeads can be found in just one product (e.g., a container of body scrub) [ 3 ]. Primary microplastics can wash down our drains and washing machines, and come off of our clothes or care products through everyday activities, exposing them to waterways and nature, which is especially concerning given that “ [most] water municipalities aren’t equipped to detect or remove these microbeads , so they end up passing through the treatment process and getting into our waterways” [ 2 ]. In fact, “35% of the [primary] microplastics in the ocean are caused by the abrasion of our clothing and textiles… The synthetic microfibers that shed during washing cannot be filtered in wastewater treatment plants, so they end up in fields with the sewage sludge, making their way into nature” [ 5 ]. Secondary microplastics Secondary microplastics (broken-down pieces from larger plastic items) enter the environment from either the deliberate use and discarding of a product or exposure to natural elements when littered. Plastic can break down at any point in its lifecycle and enter our lakes, rivers, and oceans, be consumed by wildlife, and make their way into the food web. Why are microplastics a problem? In the oceans alone, there is an annual sum (globally) of 1.5 million tons of microplastics, which is “the equivalent of every human throwing away a plastic [bag’s] worth of microplastics every week” [ 1 ]. This is especially detrimental considering that microplastics are much more difficult to remove from the environment than larger plastics. Much like the plastic we’re used to hearing about, microplastics are unable to easily break down into molecules that are safe for the environment—usually taking more than hundreds of years to decompose while they harm nature and organisms. Microplastics can be seen on beaches as mini plastic bits in multitudes of different colors in the sand where birds can easily mistake them for food. In the water, aquatic organisms often eat microplastics, poisoning the food web when those creatures are then consumed by other animals (birds, fish, crustaceans, etc.) and then “... eventually getting ingested by large marine animals and humans, particularly in rural, Indigenous, and low-income communities that rely on wild foods” [ 2 ]. Meanwhile, heavier microplastics sink and pollute the ocean floor [ 4 ]. Plastic from littering, runoff, and poor waste management can send microplastics into our waterways; “[many] plastics float, so countless plastic items of all shapes and sizes make their journey downstream, eventually making their way to the oceans” [ 6 ] . What is not often considered is that the world’s water is all connected through the water cycle, which is a huge issue when our lakes, rivers, and oceans are all being polluted by our plastic. Due to this, “[microplastics] can enter the human body through ingestion and inhalation where they may be absorbed into various organs and might affect health, for example, by damaging cells or inducing inflammatory and immune reactions” [ 7 ]. While we do not yet know the full scope of what all of this exposure can cause in us and future generations, what is known is that having plastic in our bodies is not great for our health. It is abundantly clear that we need to do something to strive for the elimination of microplastics in our everyday lives. How to avoid and reduce microplastics While there are many tough challenges ahead for managing microplastic pollution, there are many actions you can take and products you can look into to help prevent some of the harmful effects of microplastics’ presence in the global ecosystem. It is important to know that you can make a difference, even by eliminating one or two plastic products. With a few mild lifestyle adjustments and a commitment to microplastic-conscious shopping, you can start making choices that slowly improve the state of microplastic pollution—and many of these choices also work beyond just the prevention of microplastic exposure and spread, working towards being waste-free and environmentally conscious in all aspects of life. Now that we understand the impact of microplastics and how crucial it is to reduce them, let’s explore some actionable ways to do so in everyday life. Below are 8 practical suggestions to help you avoid microplastics and make more sustainable choices. 8 Ways to avoid microplastics: 1. Microplastics can be found in bottled water and food packaging. Invest in reusable glass or stainless steel bottles and containers . 2. Choose fresh, unpackaged produce and buy in bulk to minimize plastic waste. Avoid single-use plastic packaging wherever possible. 3. Cut down on plastic cling film, bags, and plastic utensils in the kitchen. Use glass storage containers, beeswax wraps , and compostable trash bags  instead. 4. Microplastics from sponges break down and release into water systems. Switch to plastic-free, biodegradable sponges for a zero-waste kitchen. 5. Microfibers from synthetic fabrics like polyester shed microplastics during washing. Opt for natural fabrics like cotton, linen, or bamboo for clothing, towels, and linens. 6. Choose bamboo toothbrushes, plastic-free floss , and natural soaps. Many personal care products contain microplastics in packaging and ingredients. 7. Invest in a HEPA filter for your home to filter out airborne pollutants in your everyday environment. 8. Recycle your plastics, typically plastic with the numbers 1, 2, and 5 on the bottom are recyclable in your curbside bins, others numbers likely will require specialty recycling facilities. To learn more about recycling, check out our blog, Recycling-What No One Told You . By making these lifestyle adjustments and reducing our reliance on plastic, we can significantly cut down our exposure to microplastics. Each choice we make—whether it’s switching to plastic-free personal care or opting for compostable tableware—brings us one step closer to a healthier planet. But while individual actions are crucial, they’re just the beginning. Change needs to happen If we’re going to truly tackle the microplastic crisis, change needs to happen on a much larger scale—at the corporate and policy level. Here's how we can push for systemic solutions that go beyond our own homes such as volunteering at non-profits, signing petitions, getting involved with local organizations, community clean-ups , starting a group on social media, and calling or writing to politicians. Overall, this is a large, complex topic with still so much research to be done, as well as many ways we can work together to cut back on the microplastics we are exposed to and unconsciously emit. Change needs to happen, and awareness and education are the first steps. Action can look different depending on the person, but it is always important to be conscious. While microplastics are serious and a little scary, reducing our plastic footprint and using more environmentally safe products will help to reduce plastic pollution for years to come. Learn more about plastic pollution and solutions by subscribing to our blog . References [1] Boucher, J., & Friot, D. (2017). Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources (Vol. 10). Gland, Switzerland: Iucn. P. 19 https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2017-002-En.pdf [2] International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). (July 2021). How does plastic get into the ocean? IFAW. Retrieved February 14, 2023, from https://www.ifaw.org/journal/plastic-pollution-ocean?ms=UONDC230037102&gclid=CjwKCAiA_6yfBhBNEiwAkmXy54dRJw8eGSzYeb_1WVmhXvRVfgRHrlm35CyAMK0STppNCeY_uFVD9xoCeqIQAvD_BwE [3] MacEachern, D. (April 2019). Microbeads Pollute Water and Wildlife . Moms Clean Air Force. Retrieved January 30, 2023, from https://www.momscleanairforce.org/say-no-to-plastic-microbeads/ [4] National Geographic Society. (n.d.). Microplastics . Retrieved January 30, 2023, from https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/microplastics [5] PlanetCare. (n.d.). The most effective solution to stop microfiber pollution . Retrieved January 30, 2023, from https://planetcare.org/ [6] Sulpizio, J. (2022, August 26). Microplastics in our waters, an unquestionable concern . Penn State Extension. Retrieved February 12, 2023, from https://extension.psu.edu/microplastics-in-our-waters-an-unquestionable-concern [7] Vethaak, A. D., & Legler, J. (February 2021). Microplastics and human health . Science. Retrieved January 30, 2023, from https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe5041

Written by Alexandria Nicosia Photo: Forbes.com We’ve all seen the sickening images of turtles with straws stuck in their nostrils, seagulls stuck in soda can plastic rings, and the Great Pacific Garbage Patch – a seemingly endless amount of plastic polluting our oceans and waterways. But what about the plastics that we cannot see? Microplastics are tiny plastics that are not biodegradable and their small size makes them nearly impossible to clean up once they have entered our environment. Microplastics are created one of two ways: as the byproduct of larger plastics or made up synthetically for commercial use (such as microbeads in body scrubs and glitter in makeup products). Microplastics, unfortunately, are often found in our environment, harming not only ecosystems but also marine life. Microplastics typically end up in our water; not just in drinking water but also in lakes, rivers, and even oceans. To fully understand the harm microplastics cause to the environment, you must first understand how the massive amount of microplastics that wind up in our bodies of water (mainly focused on ocean exposure), how they spread through the food chain through contamination and digestion, what happens to marine life through their presence, and how we can avoid these issues. How Do Microplastics Enter the Ocean? Plastic does not suddenly appear out of nowhere in the ocean, so how does so much waste end up washing up on beach shores and swirling through the currents of its deep depths? There are many ways that plastics can enter the ocean: Littering Inadequate waste management Microbeads in personal care products that wash down the drain (now banned in USA, Canada, and the UK) Illegal dumping Landfills Trash transportation Wind and rain On land, plastics can break down through the sunlight, degrading them into microplastics. This process can also occur underwater; however, the degradation process is slower due to lower temperatures, limited direct sunlight, and reduced oxygen in deeper areas [ 1 ]. This continuous cycle of plastic breakdown poses a threat to lakes, rivers, and oceans, as wildlife can ingest these microplastics, leading to their integration into the food web [ 2 ]. With the amount of plastic pollution on earth, more than 90% of the marine plastics found in surface water are composed of microplastics [ 3 ]. Even more concerning, microplastics account for approximately 85% of plastic pollution observed on shorelines worldwide [ 1 ]. That's a lot of microplastics to account for, especially considering the minimal size of microplastics. How do Microplastics Impact Our Oceans? Problem 1: Plastics Disrupt Ecosystems What happens to the harmful substances that may be attached to microplastics as they are ingested and transferred from one organism to another? Microplastics like microbeads, synthetic fibers, and plastic fragments, can absorb other chemicals that are harmful to the environment and marine life [ 4 ]. Understanding the potential impact of these toxins and chemicals is crucial for assessing the broader consequences of microplastic pollution on both ecosystems and human health [ 5 ]. Our beaches are only a small portion of the issue as microplastics are far more abundant in the ocean. On the surface of the ocean alone , there are approximately 5.25 trillion particles of plastic , which equals the weight of over 2,100 blue whales—269,000 tonnes [ 6 ]. Plastics break down due to erosion from the waves and sunlight where heavier microplastics sink to the bottom and lighter ones continue to flow with the current [6]. Colonizing organisms such as algae and bacteria often cling onto these plastic pieces and sink along with heavier plastics that make their way to the ocean floor where they stay without biodegrading or decomposing [ 6 ]. Plastic entanglement or consumption by aquatic life is mainly what we think when we consider how plastic impacts animals; but those are not the only concerns, much like algae and bacteria, organisms can get moved from their habitats by floating plastic. According to the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, “Scientists have found that some coastal species, carried from land to sea on plastic litter, can survive for not only weeks or months, but even years on these plastic rafts” [ 7 ]. Due to these roaming organisms moving and settling in various locations, different species and habitats can become unbalanced by taking up resources that other local species need to thrive [ 8 ]. Problem 2: Organisms Ingesting Plastics Harm the Food Web Organisms live based on their surroundings, so with microplastics floating around and on the ocean floor there is no surprise that these particles often end up in marine life through their gills or by consumption, even by smaller species such as plankton or oysters while filtering water [ 6 ]. These organisms are low on the food web, so when larger creatures eat them, the microplastics they ate go up the food chain, passing their toxins along with them until they eventually get ingested by the fish that we eat and then by us [ 3 ]. This process of microplastics being passed up the food web by organisms eating one another is known as the “trophic transfer” of microplastics . As microplastics move through the food chain, a big concern is the happenings of the toxins and chemicals that are associated with these plastics and the bioaccumulation of their pollutants. Hundreds of species of animals have been found to have microplastics inside of them. Larger animals such as whales, sharks, and manta rays are highly impacted since they ingest large amounts of microplastics due to their size and diet of smaller aquatic organisms [ 6 ]. This sort of research is very important since marine life and their ecosystems are so vital to the world. Fish play a key role in aquatic ecosystems as they regulate the process of circulating material and energy, and the ecosystem can be monitored for stability and function through their presence [ 9 ]. Problem 3: Plastics Physically Harm Organisms When animals mistakenly consume plastic, it can bring them significant harm and often leads to death. The ingested plastic fills their stomach, causing a decrease in their hunger. This typically makes the animal eat less, which gives them less energy causing them to weaken over time. Larger plastic items can obstruct their digestive system, preventing the plastic from leaving their bodies. Alternatively, the plastic may be fragmented into smaller pieces within the stomach and disperse throughout the animal's body [ 10 ]. There are also harmful substances present in microplastics, such as plasticizers, which have hormone-like effects and can disrupt fertility. In some cases, these additives can even induce the development of ovaries in male animals. Flame retardants, another common addition to plastics, are known to be carcinogenic. These chemicals are released from microplastics and can also lead to tumor formation in fish [ 6 ]. Due to their tiny size, microplastics are extensively present throughout marine ecosystems. This characteristic makes them highly susceptible to ingestion by all sorts of organisms, leading to a range of detrimental consequences. These include hindering the growth and development of animals, influencing their feeding patterns and behavior, causing reproductive toxicity, impairing immune functions, and even resulting in genetic damage [ 9 ]. The sharp edges of microplastics can also harm these creatures through physical injuries, such as damaging the sensitive mucous membranes in the stomach of smaller organisms like crabs and mussels—which can cause inflammation. Plastics have become ubiquitous in our environment and with their widespread use, it is crucial to know more about their impact on the world around us [ 6 ]. What We Can Do By making an effort to reduce plastic waste , adopting sustainable practices, participate in community clean-ups , and supporting initiatives that promote more regulation for waste management, and supporting organizations dedicated to protecting our oceans, we can stop this from continuing. Eliminating our use of single-use plastics, avoiding plastic packaging whenever possible, participating in waste clean-ups, and showing your support through your social media channels. By taking any of these small actions we can collectively improve the microplastic crisis. Let's strive for a future where oceans are free from the harms of plastic and where our marine life can thrive for generations to come. Subscribe to our blog for education, tips, and plastic product alternatives to help reduce plastic waste. References: [1] Jambeck, J., & Ocean Portal Team. (2018, April). Marine Plastics . Smithsonian Ocean. https://ocean.si.edu/conservation/pollution/marine-plastics [2] Nicosia, A. (Feb. 2022). A Beginner's Guide to Microplastics: What are They and Why are They a Problem? Plastic Detox. Retrieved from: https://www.plasticdetox.com/post/a-beginner-s-guide-to-microplastics-what-are-they-and-why-are-they-a-problem [3] International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). (2021, July 12). How does plastic get into the ocean? IFAW. Retrieved May 14, 2023, from https://www.ifaw.org/journal/plastic-pollution-ocean?ms=UONDC230037102&gclid=CjwKCAiA_6yfBhBNEiwAkmXy54dRJw8eGSzYeb_1WVmhXvRVfgRHrlm35CyAMK0STppNCeY_uFVD9xoCeqIQAvD_BwE [4] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2022, January 27). A Guide to Plastic in the Ocean . NOAA’s National Ocean Service. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/marinedebris/plastics-in-the-ocean.html [5] Plastics in the Food Chain . Plastic Soup Foundation. (n.d.-b). https://www.plasticsoupfoundation.org/en/plastic-problem/plastic-affect-animals/plastic-food-chain/ [6] Ocean Care. (n.d.). Microplastics: Barely visible, but anything but harmless . OceanCare. https://www.oceancare.org/en/stories_and_news/microplastics/?utm_campaign=plastik&utm_source=gad-g&utm_medium=sea&utm_content=plastik-en [7] Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. (n.d.-a). Citizen Science Project: Floating Ocean Ecosystem Tracker . The What. https://serc.si.edu/floating-ocean-ecosystem-tracker/what [8] Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. (n.d.-b). Citizen Science Project: Floating Ocean Ecosystem Tracker . The Why. https://serc.si.edu/floating-ocean-ecosystem-tracker/why [9] Li, Y., Sun, Y., Li, J., Tang, R., Miu, Y., & Ma, X. (n.d.). Research on the Influence of Microplastics on Marine Life . iop science. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/631/1/012006 [10] Animals Eat Plastic . Plastic Soup Foundation. (n.d.-a). https://www.plasticsoupfoundation.org/en/plastic-problem/plastic-affect-animals/animals-eat-plastic/

Written by Alexandria Nicosia These days, it seems like every other product in the grocery store is labeled “all-natural” or “sustainable” in big letters, while much smaller ones reveal that no environmentally conscious efforts are actually taking place. While many companies have successfully implemented sustainability into their business practices, others are simply greenwashing (or “green” marketing). Greenwashing is “... a form of misinformation often used to entice an aspiring green consumer. Companies promising to be sustainable, biodegradable, or environmentally conscious sometimes fail to meet the promises they make to consumers” [ 1 ]. Greenwashing targets customers who want to make environmentally friendly shopping choices with false advertising on product labels. In this article, we will dive into what to look out for, how to know when greenwashing is taking place, and what to do about it. What is greenwashing? Greenwashing is the practice of implying through advertisement and/or product labels that a product is environmentally friendly when in actuality, the company producing it is making no effort to deliver on such promises [ 2 ]. This is often done for strategic purposes since consumers will typically pay more for a product if there is an impression that it is good for the environment or good for your health (ex., natural or sustainable) since environmentally or sustainably made materials tend to cost more due to their quality. Here are a few reasons why businesses practice greenwashing: To fit into mainstream culture by hopping on the environmental “trend” to stay relevant To connect with consumers’ values—everyone loves a “guilt-free” product Tapping into consumers’ fears and values For competitive comparison, socially responsible (either real or portraying themselves to be) vs. those that are not [ 3 ]. That being said, I do want to stress that greenwashing is not always intentional ; some companies are unaware that this is what they are doing. Sometimes, greenwashing is an accidental design or aesthetic choice, but it is nonetheless beneficial for consumers to know the difference between companies and products that are environmentally friendly vs. companies and products that are not so that we can support and encourage the rise of more authentically sustainable practices while shedding light on those misleading so they can (hopefully) correct their ways. Greenwashing issues Greenwashing is manipulative and deceitful, if intentional. These lies often lead to misconceptions about recycling and environmental practices, altering consumers’ views on the facts revolving around our environment. For example, in DW Planet A’s video [ 4 ] (below) they explain how difficult it is to recycle plastic from the world’s oceans—the hard work starts as early as actively harvesting said plastic from the sea. Typically, not very much recycled marine plastic is in a product since it is challenging to do and it is also a very expensive process (which adds to the end cost of the product). Many of the sneaky tactics of greenwashing (such as stating that a product is free from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) when the product would not logically contain GMOs in the first place, making the claim technically factual but overall irrelevant) can fit into a loophole or be vague enough to go undetected in the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) “Green Guides” regulations and make it difficult to penalize any potential violations [ 5 ]. In 1992, the “FTC Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, commonly known as the ‘Green Guides…’” were enacted, later revised in 1996, 1998, and 2012. These “Green Guides are the main regulatory mechanisms controlling greenwashing” [ 6 ]. There are a few other systems put into place such as the Lanham Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act, state laws, and self-regulation, all of which work to prevent greenwashing, in theory; however, regulations for “green” marketing are sadly under enforced and outdated. In the case of the Green Guides, cases against companies greenwashing are rarely made and even more rarely put into action. You can find more information on the Green Guides here: Environmentally Friendly Products: FTC’s Green Guides FTC Issues Revised "Green Guides" Typical “green” terminology There are many enticing terms such as “produced sustainably,” “natural,” and “green” that make a product sound credible and environmentally friendly; however, these are more often than not just vague jargon, and since there is no true definition of what they mean, a lot of products can fall under these categories. More examples include but are not to, “no artificial ingredients,” “100% natural,” “eco,” “eco-friendly,” [ 7 ] etc. Two common product labels are “chemical-free” and “clean beauty.” The “chemical-free” label is inherently flawed since chemicals are everywhere; we are made up of chemicals, water is made up of chemicals, and the stars and planets are all chemicals. Therefore, there is no such thing as “chemical-free.” The next term, “clean beauty,” is too vague. “Clean” is a broad term that can make other products seem “dirty” comparatively, when in fact there is no such thing as a clean product when left undefined by the label [ 8 ]. Examples of greenwashing Since there are unfortunately many examples of companies, organizations, and products that utilize greenwashing in their marketing. I cannot point all of them out; however, a couple of bigger companies have gotten substantial backlash in the past about engaging in greenwashing due to their known contributions to pollution and/or large carbon footprints, such as Coca-Cola [ 9 ] and Ryanair (Transport & Environment, 2020). Fiji, among many other bottled water companies, tends to use nature imagery to make their plastic water bottles seem more environmentally conscious when plastic water bottles are a huge pollutant [ 10 ]. Fast fashion brands typically utilize greenwashing as well, which tends to contradict their bafflingly inexpensive clothes—typically clothes made sustainably and ethically lean towards a slightly higher price range (like Patagonia, for example—they have many certifications, and their products can be quite pricey due to their environmentally conscious practices). This video by DW Planet A [ 11 ] discusses “green” marketing in fast fashion and how certain brands use misleading claims regarding the materials of clothing and recycling tags, the production process, and pollution (they also mention microplastics—if you want to know more about, check out our blog on microplastics ). Well-known certifications and what they mean The bunny certifications (there are a few different ones that are well-known such as Choose Cruelty-Free , Leaping Bunny , and PETA ): products were not tested on animals Climate Neutral [ 12 ]: products, companies, and/or organizations have low carbon emissions Fair Trade [ 13 ] : products, companies, and/or organizations follow the standards (economic, environmental, and social) that Fair Trade upholds. Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) [ 14 ]: sustainable clothing (organic fibers, social and environmental standards, etc.) Green seal [ 15 ] : products, companies, and/or organizations meet the standard for sustainability, health, and the performance of each product USDA organic [ 16 ]: organic farms or businesses There are many not-so-credible certifications, so it is important to check the credentials that products, companies, and organizations put forward in their branding. Side note: Outside of these certifications listed, there are many companies and organizations that have not gone through the process of getting well-known certifications but still have environmentally friendly products or uphold sustainable business practices . This is often due to being a new or small company/organization or as a result of cost barriers or other accessibility issues. It is important to check the validity of certifications if there are any. Trustworthy organizations can easily back their facts (in a straightforward and clear way) and are transparent unlike those that are simply using “green” marketing. The key is in the proof. What we can do as consumers? Due to the lack of restrictions for “green” marketing, it can be tough to avoid. However, there are many tell-tale signs of when a product is greenwashing (listed below), so by learning those tricks, being curious, asking questions, and using your instincts to sort out which brands and products you trust, keeping clear of greenwashing is doable. How to spot greenwashed products Be cautious of unofficial certifications to support “natural” or “organic” claims Be on the lookout for misleading claims, unsubstantiated facts, or factually incorrect statements Look out for misleading natural imagery (i.e., Fiji water) Notice any lack of transparency (brands, companies, and/or organizations that can back their claims will most likely easily do so on their website) Take note of vague terms or overuse of “green” vocabulary [ 17 ] [ 18 ] What can be done as a business? 4 ways businesses/brands can show environmental friendliness without being certified: By using sustainable materials in products and packaging - look for biodegradable, recyclable, and renewable resources Being transparent in all aspects of the business - honesty is always the best policy, if this is not possible—it's time to rethink that area of the business Leveraging third-party certifications with values that align Partner with environmentally cautious organizations - this can be a nonprofit or another environmentally cautious business Parting thoughts Just because something sounds like it is environmentally friendly or seems to support sustainability, that is not always the case. Some companies may not even know they are greenwashing, so look for product and brand transparency, be curious, and make decisions that feel good to you. References: [1] Gibbens, S. (2022, November 22). Is your favorite 'green' product as eco-friendly as it claims to be? Environment. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/what-is-greenwashing-how-to-spot [2] [18] CleanUp News. (2021, February 2). 11 ways to avoid greenwashed products . CleanUp News. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.cleanupnews.org/home/how-to-avoid-greenwashing [3] Delmas, M. A., & Burbano, V. C. (2011). The Drivers of Greenwashing . Columbia Business School. Retrieved March 15, 2023, from https://www0.gsb.columbia.edu/mygsb/faculty/research/pubfiles/14016/cmr5401_04_printversion_delmasburbano.pdf [4] DW Planet A. (2021, March 26). Why Recycled Ocean Plastic is (often) a lie . YouTube. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://youtu.be/4o9-FkSHGWA [5] [6] Lorance, A. (2010). An Assessment of U.S. Responses to Greenwashing and Proposals to Improve Enforcement . Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hofstra_law_student_works/3/ [7] [17]Robinson, D. (2022, November 13). What is greenwashing and how to avoid it . Earth.Org. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://earth.org/what-is-greenwashing/ [8] W, B. (n.d.). What is clean beauty? Ethique. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://ethique.com/blogs/science/what-is-clean-beauty [9] Laville, S. (2022, June 30). Coca-Cola among brands greenwashing over packaging, report says . The Guardian. Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/30/coca-cola-among-brands-greenwashing-over-packaging-report-says [10] Our Changing Climate. (2017, July 28). Greenwashing: A Fiji Water Story . YouTube. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://youtu.be/mOpa8kd6fBI [11] DW Planet A. (2021, January 8). H&M and Zara: Can fast fashion be eco-friendly? YouTube. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://youtu.be/00NIQgQE_d4 [12] Climate Neutral. (2023). Climate Neutral Certified: About Climate Neutral . Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.climateneutral.org/about [13] Fair Trade USA. (n.d.). Fair Trade Certified. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.fairtradecertified.org/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAo-yfBhD_ARIsANr56g55HlknF-uIt5SLjtyrply67Ash_iN-ecvsQtB2djy6jitbsE682rkaAiEEEALw_wcB [14] Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS). The Standard. Global Standard. Retrieved from: https://global-standard.org/the-standard [15] Green Seal. (2023). Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://greenseal.org/splash/ [16] USDA organic . U.S. Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.usda.gov/topics/organic Other references: -Choose Cruelty Free, Australia. (2017, November). Best Cruelty-Free Standards . Cruelty Free Standards. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.bunnyarmy.org/articles/article-cruelty-free-standards.html -Leaping Bunny Program. (2022). The Corporate Standard of Compassion For Animals ("The Standard") . Leaping Bunny. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.leapingbunny.org/about/corporate-standard-compassion-animals-standard -PETA. (2023). PETA's 'Global Beauty Without Bunnies' Program . PETA. Retrieved March 12, 2023, from https://www.peta.org/living/personal-care-fashion/beauty-without-bunnies/ -Transport & Environment. (2020, February 5). Ryanair fake 'green' ad shows why lawmakers must take on its soaring emissions . Retrieved March 11, 2023, from https://www.transportenvironment.org/discover/ryanair-fake-green-ad-shows-why-lawmakers-must-take-its-soaring-emissions/

Written by Lauren Rice Plastic wrap is a staple in most kitchens but its convenience comes at a cost to our environment and our health. Thankfully, there are several plastic alternatives available that offer a safer and more sustainable option for food storage. Here are what we found to be the 5 most environmentally friendly alternatives to plastic wrap . 5 Alternatives for Plastic Wrap 1. Bee’s Wrap Bee’s Wrap is our favorite alternative to plastic wrap . These wraps are extremely versatile, they can be used to cover food directly or used to cover bowls, plates and other containers to keep food fresh. They are washable, reusable (up to a year), biodegradable, compostable, and come in several pattern and size options. The small size is great for a halved fruit or veggie, the medium size is great for cheese or as a lid to a small to medium size container, and the large is great for bigger containers.  The biggest plus: zero plastic pollution. The biggest downside, they can leave a residue after use, but this will come off with soap and water. Related: Bee's Wrap 2 pack, Bee's Wrap 3 pack (holiday print) 2. Fabric Food Covers Fabric covers offer a sustainable and versatile alternative to plastic wrap for food storage. Fabric covers come in premade sizes that are easy to use on most containers as they are made with a stretching bottom. The downside they require proper care and may have limitations depending on individual needs and preferences. 3. Plates Yep, it’s really as it sounds. For half used fruits or veggies just place it cut side down on a plate. For leftovers simply take an additional plate and place it upside down over the other plate. Don’t knock it until you try it. We love this option because it’s free , no purchase necessary. Repurposing things you already have will always be the most environmentally friendly alternative . Downside: it's not an airtight solution which can create an opportunity for airborne bacteria to come in contact with your food. 4. Stainless Steel Storage Containers    Stainless steel storage is a great option for meal prep, food storage, and leftovers. Most well known for being tough and dishwasher safe. These are great for use in the fridge, freezer, pantry, and can even be used for cooking in the oven (but not in the microwave). Not sure about it not being see-through? No problem, you can quickly label these directly on the container with a dry-erase marker. The biggest plus: lightweight and easy to clean. The downside: it’s not made for storing liquids. Photo Credit: Photos by Kali We love this stainless steel option which comes with a large and small container that can be used separately or together. It is made with top quality food-grade stainless steel, and will never give off a metallic taste or absorb food odor. Stainless Steel Food Storage Container Set - $37.99   Large Box: 7 x 5.2 x 2.5 Small Box: 4.75 x 2.5 x 1.5 5. Glass Jars Glass jars offer a cost-effective option for food storage, as chances are you already have some lying around in your fridge or pantry waiting to be repurposed. They're not only affordable but also endlessly recyclable and versatile beyond just storing leftovers. The best part? No need to buy anything new, and you can keep repurposing them for various uses. What’s the problem with plastic wrap? Plastic wrap is a single-use plastic product that is made synthetically (meaning man-made through chemical processes). This is a problem for our environment because any man-made materials, like plastic wrap, are not biodegradable. Being non-biodegradable is what makes plastic products, like plastic wrap, so harmful to our environment. While plastic wrap can be recycled (when taken to specified drop off locations), the recycling success rate for this type of plastic is only 7% [ 1 ]. Here is more information on recycling plastic . Check out these additional resources for reducing plastic waste: Reduce Plastic Waste One Alternative at a Time 12 Tips to Reduce Plastic Waste in Your Kitchen References: [1] Kulkarni, G. S. (2018). 1 - Introduction to Polymer and Their Recycling Techniques. Recycling of Polyurethane Foams, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-51133-9.00001-2

Written by Nicole Braganza If you're in the food business, you know the drill. Food costs climbing every month. Utility bills that make you wince. Increasing staff wages. And, customers who expect top quality but balk at higher menu prices. The math just doesn't seem to add up. What if we told you, it doesn’t have to be that way? While your competitors slash quality to save pennies, you can take a different approach; one that protects both your food standards and profit margins. The numbers speak for themselves: restaurants that implement strategic cost-saving measures typically see 10-15% higher profit margins without compromising customer satisfaction. How to Reduce Food Costs  Food costs can make or break your culinary business. The National Restaurant Association's State of the Industry Report 2024 confirms, "Food costs have increased by more than 20% since 2019”. It’s the single largest controllable cost category. How can you reduce food costs to run your business more efficiently? Work directly with food suppliers for restaurants to negotiate better pricing. Implement smart inventory systems, plan seasonal menus, and build strong supplier relationships. The key is to create financial breathing room while maintaining the excellent quality your customers expect.  Minimize Food Waste Food waste directly impacts your bottom line. Throwing away unused ingredients means throwing away money you've already spent. How can restaurants minimize food waste? Smart operations make the difference. Here are some ideas: Track inventory with data, not guesswork—know exactly what you have and what you need Document daily waste to identify patterns and problem areas. Optimize inventory management with first-in-first-out systems to minimize waste Train kitchen staff to use every part of ingredients, from stems to skins Create daily specials from surplus ingredients to turn potential waste into revenue   Have some extra space for Composting? Cut Waste & Save Money With This Simple Change Make Certain Foods From Scratch Many food truck operators overlook the hidden costs of pre-packaged condiments and sauces, which can quietly drain profits. When you make your own sauces and dressings, you avoid the hefty markup on pre-packaged options. Freshly baked bread and house-made desserts not only save money but also attract customers seeking authentic flavors. Your control over portions and ingredients directly translates to less waste and greater profits.   Plan Batch Cooking  Imagine preparing tomorrow's soup base or marinated proteins while today's service winds down. The batch cooking approach lets you buy ingredients in larger quantities at better prices, use every bit efficiently, and keep your staff focused on what matters during the rush. Smart operators even transform vegetable scraps and meat bones into flavorful stocks and sauces, turning potential waste into profit. Many successful restaurateurs swear by batch cooking – they've found it cuts waste dramatically while ensuring every plate that leaves the kitchen maintains the same high standard. Portion Control Portion control is one of the simplest yet most effective ways to reduce operational costs in your food business.  Staff training is important. Make sure everyone understands the standard portions Invest in proper tools like portion scales, scoops, and pre-portioned containers Serving bowls  rather than plates can make food portions look larger  Remember that customers value consistency over slightly larger portions Even reducing each serving by just 5-10% can lead to significant savings when you're serving hundreds of meals daily. Related: Sustainable bamboo disposable forks, knives, spoons   Focus on High-Margin Items Prioritize dishes that make you more money per sale. For example, if your specialty coffee drinks have a 75% profit margin while your sodas only have 25%, shifting your menu emphasis toward coffee makes financial sense. You'll need fewer total ingredients, less storage space, and your kitchen team becomes more efficient working with a streamlined menu. Related : 10-pack bamboo straws for drinks , Reusable stainless steel straws   Business Strategies to Reduce Restaurant Operating Costs  Running a profitable food business is more than controlling the cost of food. From supplies to utility optimization and staff management, auditing every aspect could amount to significant savings. Green Supplies for Long Term Cost-Saving Using green supplies appeals to new-age conscious consumers who are actively choosing brands that demonstrate responsibility towards the environment. As per the Pursuing Happiness report, 78% of Gen Z would prefer to buy from brands that produce goods sustainably. But that’s not all. A survey by Oxford University and Arabesque Partners revealed that 88% of companies with good sustainability practices saw improved operational performance . When it comes to the food business, here are some green supplies that your food truck, catering business or restaurant can invest in.   Biodegradable Cleaning Sponges Traditional sponges contain microplastics that end up in waterways and landfills for decades. Biodegradable cleaning sponges  made from high-quality wood pulp, naturally break down within months. Beyond environmental benefits, they're often more durable and antimicrobial, reducing replacement frequency and saving approximately 15-20% annually on cleaning supply costs.  Compostable Trash Bags Unlike conventional plastic bags that persist for centuries, compostable trash bags decompose within 180 days in commercial composting facilities. Made from plant starches like cornstarch, they reduce methane emissions from landfills. While costing slightly more upfront, they could lower waste hauling fees by approximately 25% in municipalities with compost collection programs.  Compostable Insulated Hot Cups and Cold Cups Traditional foam cups contain petroleum-based plastics that never fully decompose. Compostable insulated cups   and cold cups  made with FSC-certified paper and lined with PLA (polylactic acid), a plant-based plastic, break down within 90 days in commercial composting facilities. They eliminate chemical leaching concerns, enhance brand image, and can qualify businesses for green certification programs that attract eco-conscious customers willing to pay premium prices. Many U.S. cities like San Francisco, Portland and Seattle now offer reduced waste collection rates for businesses that use certified compostable products. Green Compostable Eco Utensils Petroleum-based plastic cutlery contributes millions of tons to landfills annually. Worse, they cannot be recycled due to their size and weight (yes, even if they have a big green recycling symbol printed on them). Compostable alternatives provide comparable functionality while biodegrading within months. Though initially 10-15% more expensive, bulk purchasing and supplier loyalty programs can eliminate this premium while simultaneously reducing waste disposal costs and enhancing brand perception. Try our compostable products - Request a free sample Lower Your Utility Bills Did you know food service businesses can slash energy costs by up to 30% with simple efficiency upgrades? Stop watching your profits disappear! Upgrade old fridges and freezers to keep ingredients fresh and reduce waste. Modern cooking equipment uses half the energy while delivering the same great results. LED lighting cuts electricity use by 75% compared to traditional bulbs. Smart thermostats and water-saving fixtures pay for themselves within months.  A quick energy audit will pinpoint exactly where your cash is literally going down the drain.  Schedule Staff According to Peak Business Hours This is a simple fix that can save you some serious cash! Why have five people standing around during those dead afternoon hours when you really only need two? Match your team's schedule to when customers actually show up, so you only pay for what you need. This way, your busy lunch rush will get full coverage, and you won’t waste money during the quiet times.  Restaurant Operating Costs: Making it Work The difference between food businesses that thrive and those that struggle often comes down to one thing: taking action on what you know. Your competitors are facing the same rising costs - fixed, variable, and everything in between. The ones who succeed aren't necessarily the ones with the fanciest locations or the biggest marketing budgets. They're the ones who implement smart strategies like the ones you've just read about. Check out our budget-friendly, sustainable products that help food businesses thrive. Smart Savings Start Here - Shop Sustainable Supplies Frequently Asked Questions Even the most unique food business ideas fail when not managed right. We’ve answered your top questions to help you run your restaurant, catering or food truck business profitably, and like a pro.  How to make a food business profitable? To make a food business profitable, control food costs through careful inventory management, price strategically to maintain healthy margins, reduce waste by adopting portion control. Consider investing in sustainable solutions, which may seem expensive initially but result in long-term savings.   What are some sustainable food packaging examples? Bee's Wrap  is a durable, pliable and reusable wrap that can be used again and again. You can also look for PLA containers which look like plastic but are biodegradable under industrial composting conditions. Perfect for takeaway at food trucks, restaurants, or for catering businesses.  Where can I find eco-friendly food packaging for restaurants? Plastic Detox is a trusted online destination for eco-friendly, safe food packaging for restaurants, food trucks, and cafes. By providing sustainable alternatives to traditional packaging, the brand empowers businesses to reduce environmental impact while maintaining food safety and presentation quality.

Written by Nicole Braganza The US food truck industry faces increasing pressure to reduce environmental impact while maintaining profitability. Cities like San Francisco, Seattle and Boston are leading the charge with stricter regulations on single-use plastics, straws, and food containers. San Francisco's Plastic, Litter, and Toxics Reduction Law prohibits food vendors from providing single-use plastic tableware, requiring compostable or recyclable alternatives. In 2018, Seattle enacted a ban on plastic straws and utensils, prompting food service businesses across the city to adopt compostable or paper alternatives. Customers too are growing more environmentally conscious. Sustainable p roducts  are no longer optional; it's essential for business survival. Here are 7 practical eco-friendly product alternatives that can help you reduce your food truck’s environmental footprint without sacrificing efficiency or dramatically increasing costs. 1. Insulated hot cups The average food truck serves approximately 15,000-20,000 hot beverages annually. This generates a substantial environmental footprint through disposable cups that typically contain polyethylene plastic linings which prevent recycling and composting. What’s the alternative? Double-walled paper cups with plant-based PLA linings . They eliminate the need for additional sleeves (thus saving costs), and provide superior heat insulation while maintaining structural integrity with hot liquids. Plus, they easily break down in commercial composting facilities making it a winning choice for both your business and the environment. While compostable insulated hot cups are approximately 15-20% more expensive than standard hot cups, the elimination of separate sleeves partially offsets costs while providing a premium customer experience.  Related products:   Compostable world print paper hot cups - 12-16 oz 2. Compostable cold cups With summer coming and temperatures rising, get ready for a big jump in cold cup orders. since NOAA data shows U.S. summers are almost 2°F hotter than in 1970, which has pushed cold drink sales up by 27% during the hottest months. But, did you know that the petroleum-based plastic cups that most food service businesses use further contribute to global warming? Here’s how: Manufacturing plastic cups from petroleum requires extracting and refining fossil fuels, which releases greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. Most plastic cups end up in landfills where they can take hundreds of years to break down. As they degrade, they can release methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Plastic that ends up in oceans damages ecosystems that help regulate carbon, like seagrass meadows and phytoplankton. In fact, petroleum-based plastic cups for cold beverages are one of the highest-volume waste items in mobile food service. These   clear PLA compostable cold cups from Plastic Detox are an alternative worth considering.  PLA is a plant-based plastic derived from renewable resources, making them biodegradable, compostable, and completely plastic-free. Whether you’re hosting an event or stocking up for everyday use at your food truck business, these cups offer a guilt-free, environmentally friendly alternative to traditional plastic. Their transparent appearance matches traditional plastic. But that’s where the similarities end. Compostable cold cups work perfectly well to keep cold beverages cold (temperatures below 110°F), and are commercially compostable within 90-180 days. Top tip: Prominently advertise your use of compostable cups to attract environmentally conscious customers and demonstrate your business's values. Shop : Clear Compostable Cold Cups in packs of 50   3. Bamboo straws Plastic straws remain one of the most visible symbols of single-use waste, with many jurisdictions implementing outright bans. Bamboo straws are a natural, biodegradable alternative that is naturally water-resistant, durable for single-use applications and completely compostable.  Do you know what’s better than bamboo straws? Not using straws at all! Consider implementing a "by request only" policy for all straws to reduce overall usage while offering an eco-friendly option. Alternatively, invest in reusable stainless steel straws  that can be used again and again.   4. Bamboo disposable utensils Traditional plastic utensils contribute significantly to landfill waste and can take centuries to decompose. Enter bamboo utensils , the sustainable alternative food business owners have been looking for. They offer tangible benefits including naturally antimicrobial properties and superior strength compared to standard plastic options. While the price per unit is initially higher (approximately 2-3¢ more per piece), many food trucks report customers take fewer utensils when they perceive them as higher quality. This could offset the price difference through reduced consumption. Request free samples 5. Biodegradable plates Conventional paper plates often contain plastic coatings that prevent decomposition, while foam plates never truly break down. Some of these plastic coatings contain PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), chemicals that have been linked to various health concerns, including potential associations with certain types of cancer according to ongoing research. Consumers today are more health-conscious and environmentally aware than ever before. They actively seek out businesses that align with their personal values. And, they're willing to spend more for products they perceive as safer and more sustainable. Modern biodegradable plates  made from renewable bamboo and bagasse (a natural sugarcane byproduct), could be the sustainable product switch you need to capture your customer’s attention (and their dollars). Related:   7" or 9" Round Biodegradable Plates, PFAS FreeSubscribe & save 5% on a monthly subscription 6. Compostable trash bags The classic paradox of conventional trash bags is that they wrap compostable waste in plastic that won't break down. Many business owners who care about the environment miss this problem despite their best intentions. The solution? Plant-based compostable trash bags  manufactured from cornstarch, Polylactic Acid (PLA), and Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) that reduce your environmental footprint. Need more reasons to invest in compostable trash bags? Here are three:  Compatibility with municipal composting programs Potential waste disposal cost reduction through composting rather than landfill fees Complete system integrity for businesses marketing themselves as sustainable  Buy now: 13 gallon Compostable Trash Bags - Pack of 30  7. Biodegradable cleaning sponges Standard cleaning sponges contain microplastics that enter wastewater systems and eventually waterways. These tiny plastic bits build up in our water, get eaten by fish and other sea creatures, and end up back on our plates when we eat seafood. Natural fiber sponges  made from cellulose, loofah, plant fibers and coconut coir often work better on food grease anyway and completely break down after use. Top tip:  To minimize the cost of transitioning to biodegradable sponges, replace cleaning sponges incrementally as your current inventory is depleted. Related products: Biodegradable cleaning sponges   Building a sustainable food business: Getting started   Building a sustainable food truck business requires thoughtful planning. You’ll need to think about sourcing local ingredients, minimizing waste, choosing energy-efficient equipment and eco-friendly packaging among other considerations. While the initial investment in sustainable practices may be higher, the long-term benefits—both for your business reputation and operational costs—make it worthwhile. As you move forward, consider partnering with Plastic Detox  for all your sustainable food business product needs. With access to a range of compostable containers, plant-based utensils, and eco-friendly cleaning supplies, you'll have one less thing to worry about as you focus on creating delicious food with a minimal environmental footprint. Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest blogs, product launches, and sustainable news from Plastic Detox. Frequently asked questions Most people ask, “which food business is most profitable?”. Discerning business owners now ask more than what food businesses make the most money. Here are the most popularly asked questions among eco-conscious business owners. What are sustainable food products? Sustainable food products are grown, processed, and distributed with minimal environmental impact. They prioritize renewable resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect ecosystems, minimize waste, and support fair labor practices. Examples include organic produce, locally sourced foods, and plant-based alternatives. What does sustainable packaging mean? Sustainable packaging uses eco-friendly materials and production methods to minimize environmental impact throughout its lifecycle. It's typically biodegradable, recyclable, or reusable, made from renewable resources, and designed to reduce waste while maintaining product protection and functionality. Why sustainable packaging is important? Sustainable packaging reduces the impact on the environment by minimizing waste, conserving resources, and lowering carbon emissions. It addresses plastic pollution, meets consumer demand for eco-friendly products, helps businesses comply with regulations, and supports circular economy principles through biodegradable or recyclable materials. What are sustainable packaging materials for food? Sustainable packaging materials include biodegradable options like PLA (corn-based plastic), molded fiber (from recycled paper), bagasse (sugarcane waste), and mushroom packaging. Recyclable alternatives include glass, aluminum, and certain paper products treated with eco-friendly coatings.  Are sustainable food products more expensive? Sustainable food products often cost more due to higher production costs, certification fees, fair labor practices, and smaller-scale operations. However, prices vary widely by product category, location, and retailer. Some sustainable options are becoming more affordable as demand increases and production scales up.

Written by Brenda Jude Running a business means juggling multiple priorities — boosting profits, improving efficiency, and staying ahead of the competition. But there's another important factor that can't be ignored: sustainability. As consumers, governments, and investors increasingly demand eco-friendly practices, businesses seek ways to reduce their environmental impact while improving their bottom line. Here's where the circular economy comes in. This sustainable model doesn't just help the planet; it can also provide financial benefits for your business. Below, we look at how adopting circular economy practices, particularly when reducing plastic waste, can help you save money, increase efficiency, and unlock new growth opportunities. What is the circular economy? The circular economy is an alternative to the traditional "take, make, dispose" model of production. Instead of extracting raw materials, manufacturing products, and discarding them once they are no longer needed, the circular economy seeks to keep products, materials, and resources in use for as long as possible. This reduces waste, lowers the consumption of natural resources, and minimizes environmental impact. In this model, the emphasis is placed on designing products that can be reused, repaired, or recycled rather than discarded. This sustainable approach to business allows companies to continue generating value from the same resources, which can lead to increased profitability and long-term growth. Financial benefits of circular economy practices Transitioning your office to a circular economy model brings several financial advantages for businesses. The process can help cut operational costs, boost efficiency, attract new customers, and open new revenue streams. Reducing waste and cutting costs Managing waste can be expensive for businesses, especially when dealing with plastic materials. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),  the cost of sending waste to landfills has risen. However, businesses can reduce their reliance on expensive waste management services by embracing recycling and reusing materials.  Offices can cut waste disposal costs by adopting circular strategies such as material reuse, repair, and recycling. Implementing recycling programs in the office, repurposing materials, or encouraging employees to reduce single-use plastics can immediately help reduce waste. For example, office managers can set up systems to recycle paper, electronics, and even office furniture, which may reduce disposal fees while contributing to environmental goals.  Additionally, transitioning to reusable materials or opting for recycled goods can lower the need to purchase raw materials. This strategy can be particularly advantageous for small to medium-sized business owners as it directly addresses affordable sustainability. A report found that businesses implementing circular practices could reduce their costs by as much as 20% over time.  Enhancing operational efficiency The circular economy promotes efficiency at every stage of the production process. Offices that invest in sustainable practices see improvements in operational efficiency, leading to lower costs and higher productivity. One way companies can take advantage of this is by rethinking inventory management.  For example, businesses prioritizing digital document storage and reducing paper usage can save on printing and paper costs while eliminating the need for large filing cabinets and storage spaces. The circular economy practices encourage companies to design products with durability, repairability, and recyclability in mind. For office managers, this could mean choosing durable office equipment that doesn't need to be replaced frequently. Instead of replacing broken equipment, consider repairing or refurbishing it. Such steps reduce waste and contribute to long-term cost savings, as businesses spend less on manufacturing new products. Meeting consumer demand for sustainability Today's consumers are aware of environmental issues and prefer to purchase from businesses that prioritize sustainability. A Nielsen report revealed that 66% of global consumers are willing to spend more on sustainable brands. This growing demand for sustainable products presents an opportunity for businesses to attract new customers and build a loyal customer base. By adopting circular practices, companies can differentiate themselves from competitors, strengthen their brand reputation, and create new marketing opportunities. Adopting sustainability initiatives — such as using recycled packaging or reducing plastic usage in your business — can set your company apart from competitors. For businesses, this means leaving the greenwashing behind and focusing on real, sustainable solutions in their marketing and behind the scenes.  Consumers are not just looking for products — they want to support businesses that align with their values. Generating new revenue streams Businesses can generate income by recycling waste materials into new products or offering services like product refurbishment or repairs. For example, companies in the electronics industry can refurbish used products and sell them as refurbished goods, creating an additional revenue stream while keeping old products out of landfills. Another example is the packaging industry, where businesses can recycle plastic waste into new packaging materials. Companies participating in recycling programs can sell recycled materials to other industries, turning waste into a profitable resource.  Additionally, businesses can capitalize on the growing trend of repair and refurbishment services. Offering a repair service for products like electronics, furniture, or office equipment can serve as a revenue-generating service while also addressing the issue of waste disposal and extending product life cycles. The United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) predicts  that the circular economy could generate $4.5 trillion in economic benefits by 2030, highlighting the potential for businesses to capitalize on sustainable practices. Embrace the circular economy for financial growth Investing in the circular economy isn't just about reducing plastic waste; it's a smart business strategy that can lead to cost savings, new revenue opportunities, and stronger consumer loyalty. Customers are increasingly drawn to eco-conscious brands, and investing in sustainable practices will improve your bottom line and strengthen your market position. Stay ahead of the curve with the latest insights on sustainability. Subscribe to our blog for expert tips and actionable strategies.

Written by Aishwarya Iyer Picture this: You just finished a delicious takeout meal and are left with a plastic container and cutlery. You want to dispose of it responsibly, but you’re faced with confusing choices—should it go into the recycling bin, compost, or landfill? Many of us encounter this uncertainty daily. The reality is, most plastic waste ends up in landfills or the ocean, taking centuries to break down. But what if there was a smarter, eco-friendly alternative? Enter compostable plastics. What is Compostable Plastic The Growing Demand and Market Size Biodegradable vs. Compostable Plastics: Are They the Same? Critical Composting Considerations Roadblocks on the way   Steps Individuals Can Take What is compostable plastic? Compostable plastic is a sustainable alternative to traditional plastic, designed to break down into natural components like water, carbon dioxide, and organic matter when placed in the proper composting environment. Compostable plastics emerged as a response to the environmental crisis caused by traditional plastic waste. Unlike conventional plastics, which persist in nature for hundreds of years, compostable plastics break down into natural elements under the right conditions, leaving no toxic residue behind. With approximately 8 million metric tons of plastic  entering our oceans annually, scientists and manufacturers have been racing to develop alternatives that don't persist in the environment for hundreds of years. Compostable plastics are not just another green trend—they’re a practical solution to the mounting global plastic waste crisis. With only  9% plastic successfully recycled annually in the US , most end up polluting ecosystems or contributing to greenhouse gas emissions in landfills. The promise is that Compostable plastics, when disposed of correctly in industrial or home composting systems, offer a way to close this loop by turning waste into valuable compost for agriculture. In simple terms, compostable plastics are a type of biodegradable plastic designed to decompose completely in a composting environment, turning into water, carbon dioxide, and biomass. They are often made from plant-based materials such as cornstarch, sugarcane, or potato starch. One common type of compostable plastic is PLA plastic . But what does PLA plastic mean exactly? PLA (polylactic acid)  refers to a bioplastic derived from renewable resources like corn starch or sugarcane. Unlike traditional petroleum-based plastics, PLA breaks down in industrial composting environments, making it a viable eco-friendly alternative. Types of compostable plastics PLA (Polylactic Acid) : Made from renewable resources like fermented plant starch. Commonly used for food containers, cups, and utensils. PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoates) : Natural, biodegradable polymers produced by microorganisms. Used in packaging and medical applications. Starch-based/bioplastics : Derived from natural starch. Often blended with other compostable polymers to improve properties. Used in packaging and other applications. The growing demand and market size As environmental awareness rises, consumers and corporations are seeking alternatives to traditional plastics. Governments worldwide are implementing stricter regulations against single-use plastics, further driving demand for compostable options. The numbers tell a compelling story of growth. According to a Grand View research report , the global compostable plastics market was valued at approximately $2.34 billion . The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 11.01% ,  reaching nearly $5.12 billion by 2030.  Global production of bioplastics (including compostable varieties) reached approximately 2.8 million tonnes in 2023, with projections suggesting this could reach 7.5 million tonnes by 2030 . Consumer awareness about plastic pollution has skyrocketed in recent years. According to a 2023 report by McKinsey & Company , 60-70%  of consumers across the United States and Europe report they would pay more for sustainable packaging.  North America currently l eads the market for compostable packaging, followed closely by Europe, where regulations increasingly favor biodegradable alternatives. However, the Asia-Pacific region is experiencing the fastest growth, driven by expanding middle classes and increasing environmental awareness. This shift in consumer preference has pushed brands to seek alternatives to conventional plastics. Companies like Starbucks and Whole Foods have already transitioned to compostable packaging, setting an example for corporate responsibility. Major corporations have taken notice. Up-and-coming brands like 787 Coffee, Footprint, Tetra Pak, Loliware and more have all announced commitments to make their packaging more sustainable, with compostable materials playing a significant role in these strategies. Meanwhile, food service providers face increasing pressure from both consumers and regulations to move away from single-use plastics. Additionally, policies such as the European Union’s Single-Use Plastics Directive are establishing global precedents for sustainability.  Biodegradable vs. compostable plastics: are they the same? The terms “biodegradable” and “compostable” are often used interchangeably, but they are not the same. Feature Biodegradable Plastics Compostable Plastics Breakdown Time Can take years or even decades Breaks down within months (in proper conditions) End Products May leave behind microplastics Leaves only water, CO2, and biomass Disposal Conditions Can degrade in varied conditions Requires industrial or home composting Cost Higher than plastic but lower than compostable plastic Higher than plastic and biodegradable plastic Critical composting considerations Industrial vs. home composting : Many compostable plastics require industrial composting facilities with high temperatures and specific moisture levels to break down properly. Look for "home compostable" certification if you plan to compost at home. Proper disposal critical : Compostable plastics sent to landfills may not break down due to lack of oxygen and proper conditions. Certification labels : Look for certifications like ASTM D6400, EN 13432, or the "Compostable" logo from organizations like BPI (Biodegradable Products Institute). Not recyclable : Don't mix compostable plastics with regular plastic recycling—they can contaminate the recycling stream.̧ Adopting compostable plastics: Key challenges Despite their potential, businesses face key challenges when adopting compostable plastics: Consumer confusion : Without clear labeling and education, consumers often don't know how to properly dispose of compostable items. Many compostable plastics end up in landfills or recycling bins, where they can cause contamination. Degradation requirements : Most compostable plastics require specific conditions—typically high heat and controlled moisture—to break down properly. These conditions exist in industrial composting facilities but not in home compost piles or natural environments. Agricultural impacts : The increased demand for crops like corn to produce compostable plastics raises concerns about land use, water consumption, and competition with food production. Infrastructure gaps : The biggest hurdle is the lack of industrial composting facilities. According to the US Composting Council, only about 5% of food waste is currently composted  in the United States, and many facilities don't accept compostable plastics. Steps to advocate for compostable materials Despite these challenges, here are some meaningful ways to encourage the use of compostable plastics: Learn to identify truly compostable products : Look for certification logos from organizations like the Biodegradable Products Institute (BPI) or the "OK Compost" certification from TÜV Austria. Check local facilities : Contact your local waste management authority to find out if they accept compostable plastics in their composting programs. Support businesses using certified compostable packaging : Your purchasing decisions send powerful signals to the market. Advocate for better infrastructure : Encourage your local government to invest in composting facilities that can process compostable plastics. Reduce first, then reuse : Remember that even compostable single-use items have an environmental impact. Prioritize reusable alternatives whenever possible. Related reading: home composting , restaurant composting , plastic recycling As we continue to grapple with plastic pollution, compostable alternatives offer a pathway to reducing our environmental impact without sacrificing convenience. While they're not a perfect solution, they represent an important step toward more sustainable packaging systems—provided we develop the infrastructure and knowledge to use them properly. Whether you're a business looking to upgrade your supplies or an individual reducing your plastic footprint, compostable products make a real difference. 👉 Explore our collection of compostable goods  that work with  the planet, not against it. 👉 Still unsure?  We’ll send you free samples  so you can try them out first—no pressure, just progress.

https://www.plasticdetox.com As a restaurant owner, the choices you make don’t just impact your bottom line, but the environment as well. And with 85% of recyclable plastics  ending up in landfills, those takeout containers really start to add up. That’s why savvy restaurants, cafes, and catering businesses are looking into going green and investing in compostable bioplastics.  What are compostable plastics?  Yes. You heard us right: compostable plastics.  It may sound like an oxymoron, but it’s very much a real thing, and it can very bulk up your compost pile  while not bulking up your carbon footprint.  Compostable plastics are products made from plant fiber, like sugar cane, agave, or cornstarch. Unlike your traditional, petroleum-based plastics, bioplastics pay their worth two times over: first in customer use, and again in nurturing your compost pile.  What exactly is BPI certified?  https://bpiworld.org/using-the-bpi-mark You might have heard the term “ BPI compostable ” before. BPI, or Biodegradable Products Institute, is the leading authority on composting certification, and BPI-certified is the gold standard all compostable products want. It’s basically “organic certification” of the compost world, your guarantee that your buying quality.   For a product to become BPI-certified, it must go through a rigorous testing process, meeting requirements like:  Truly compostable. Breaks down completely and leaves no toxic waste behind.  Timely breakdown. Decomposes within 90 days, assuming your compost pile is in optimal conditions. Plays well with others. Compatible with your standard compost pile mix (it won’t get in a fight with your vegetable scraps).  Unique purpose. Not replacing a product that should end up in the recycling bin instead.  User-friendly. No disassembly is required before composting.  Meets regulatory compliance. Complies with either the ASTM D6400 or D6868 standards (we’ll get into this in a bit).  Because of these requirements, if you buy a product that has the BPI mark, you can rest assured that it won’t start fighting with your compost and throw off the temperature balance.  With that said, if you’re looking at a product that lacks the BPI label, proceed with caution. Third-party certification means you should take things with a grain of salt… so don’t buy in bulk.  ASTM D6400 & D6868 standards Like we mentioned above, for a product to be considered BPI-certified, it must comply with either the ASTM D6400  or the D6868 standards . Products that meet these standards must be able to:  Decompose within 90 days in a commercial composting environment Leave no harmful residues in the soil Turn into useful soil instead of lingering microplastics When you see the BPI-certified logo on the batch of cups you just ordered that means the above standards have been met.  Now that you understand what all goes into making a product BPI-certified, let’s take a look at the common bioplastics you’ll encounter when you start shopping.  What are examples of common bioplastics?  https://www.plasticdetox.com When you’re shopping for compostable bioplastics to upgrade your disposables, look for these:  Cassava bioplastics These plastics use cassava starch, organic resins, and vegetable oil for a 100% degradable compost option.  Perfect for: utensils and cold drink cups   Agave bioplastics You’ve probably heard of agave being used in tequila, but the plant’s cellulose can also be used to make BPI-certified compostable plastics. This option is doubly environmentally friendly because it means you’re upcycling plant waste leftover from tequila production.  Perfect for: Takeout bags and straws PHA (Polyhydroxyalkanoates) PHA is the new bioplastic on the block. It boasts a 100% renewable beginning of life process and is made from sugars, starches, plant feedstocks, and vegetable oils. It’s an excellent alternative to replace your plastic straws, cups, and bags.  Perfect for: Straws, cups, and bags Commercially compostable vs home compostable  Not all products meant for consumers are suited for commercial-level compost… though this may depend on the nature of your restaurant or cafe’s composting pile.  Some bioplastic materials need a high, regular temperature to break down, which can be hard to maintain with home compost. This is why things that are labeled as biodegradable are not always considered to be compostable .  Here’s what you need to know to be sure these BPI-compostable products will play nice with your compost:  If you use a commercial composting service, then you’ve got nothing to worry about. Any BPI-certified product with flourish in your pile.  If you’re composting on-site,  then you’ll want to buy “home compostable” products. Avoid bioplastics that have thicker layers, since they need much higher temperatures to properly decompose.  If you’re still on the fence about composting, some cities offer composting pickup services made for restaurants, usually at a lower cost than garbage services.  Why invest in BPI products As consumers, we use 5 trillion plastic bags on a yearly basis . The vast majority of those bags then go into landfills, and since plastics are shown to concentrate pollutants up to a million times their level  in seawater, our environment is left to suffer.  For business owners, switching to BPI-certified products means you can make a difference – and get a competitive edge, reaping these rewards:  Increase customer loyalty  from those 73% of diners   who say they’d rather eat at a restaurant with sustainable practices.  Better marketing advantage  when you share your new sustainability practices on social media.  More staff engagement from the 69% of employees  who said they would prefer their companies to invest more in sustainability efforts and reduce waste.  Potential new revenue stream once your compost  is finished, as you can sell or donate it to local farms, gardens, or even other restaurants.  How you can start using BPI-certified compostable packaging  Ready to make the switch? Here’s what your next steps will look like:  Start small to test customer reception. Order straws or to-go cups to start.  Request free samples  so you can try before you buy for absolute quality assurance.  Create marketing materials  so you can spread the word about your new sustainability efforts.  Train your staff so they know how to properly dispose of your new BPI-certified products.  Showcase your successful initiative on social media and to the world to encourage others to start a similar journey.  We’ve got just the starter kit which includes samples of our most popular items for restaurants and cafes.  Get your FREE Restaurant BPI-Certified Starter Kit

Written by Alexandria Nicosia In today’s business landscape, sustainability isn’t just a buzzword; it’s a huge advantage. With consumers shifting towards eco-conscious brands— 44% globally stated they prefer companies with a clear commitment to sustainability [ 1 ]—decision-makers must embrace greener practices. Minimizing plastic waste not only enhances your brand’s image but builds customer trust and loyalty [ 2 ]. In this guide, we’ll dive into the importance of reducing waste at work and offer actionable steps to help create a more sustainable office. Common sources of workplace waste Understanding where waste piles up the most is the first step to solving the problem. Single-use plastics: These include water bottles, coffee cups (yes, even the paper ones are lined with plastic), utensils, and plastic bags. Single-use plastics like these account for about 89% of the plastic pollution found in oceans, making them a significant environmental concern [3]. Solid waste: This includes materials such as paper, plastic, cardboard, metal, glass, and food scraps. Plastics make up a considerable portion of solid waste in many offices. Hazardous waste: Items like cleaning agents, batteries, and electronic waste can pose serious risks to the environment. This is especially true when these items are not properly disposed of. Hazardous waste can leach toxic chemicals into our environment. Be aware of how your hazardous waste is getting disposed of. Energy waste: Often invisible, energy waste stems from leaving lights on, using outdated appliances, or inefficient heating and cooling. This not only contributes to higher costs but also increases your carbon footprint [ 4 ]. So do your business a favor and set up quarterly inspections to ensure you're not throwing money down the drain. Packaging materials: From bubble wrap to plastic air pillows, packaging waste can quickly pile up, particularly for businesses involved in shipping and storage. For example, in 2021, Amazon’s plastic packaging waste amounted to over 709 million pounds , with an estimated 26 million pounds finding its way into our oceans [ 5 ]. Office supplies: Everyday items like pens, binders, and plastic folders may seem trivial, but they accumulate significantly over time, contributing to overall waste. Why should you prioritize waste reduction? The consequences of plastic waste are profound. With only about 9% of plastic recycled annually , its environmental impact is long-lasting. Plastic waste clogs landfills and pollutes oceans, harming wildlife and disrupting ecosystems [ 6 ]. From a business perspective, excessive waste can lead to higher disposal costs and damage brand image. As consumers become increasingly aware of environmental issues, companies perceived as contributing to the problem may face a fallout with their customers [ 7 ]. Benefits of reducing plastic in Your workplace Photo: Ibambo Taking proactive steps to reduce plastic waste in your workplace not only benefits the environment but also creates major advantages for your business. Here's how reducing plastic waste can give your company a competitive edge: Attracting eco-conscious customers:   Consumers today are drawn to businesses that prioritize sustainability. A 2023 survey revealed that 66% of global consumers are willing to pay more for products and services from eco-friendly brands  [ 9 ]. By highlighting your plastic-free initiatives, you can attract a growing segment of eco-conscious customers. Enhanced employee morale: Employees are more likely to support companies that align with their personal values. Implementing plastic reduction strategies fosters a positive workplace culture, boosting employee morale and engagement. Studies show that businesses with strong sustainability initiatives have a 55% increase in employee loyalty and retention [ 8 ]. Reducing carbon footprint: Reducing plastic waste cuts down on landfill contribution and lowers your company’s overall carbon footprint. Manufacturing plastic is highly energy-intensive, contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions. By transitioning to compostable or recyclable materials, your business can make a positive impact on the environment and showcase its commitment to sustainability. 7 Easy solutions for reduce workplace waste Eliminate single-use plastics: The most direct way to reduce plastic waste is to reduce the use of single-use items. Let your team know you are looking to make a change. Encourage employees to bring reusable containers, water bottles, and consider implementing a plastic-free policy to reinforce this commitment. Adopt sustainable packaging solutions: Transition to recyclable or biodegradable packaging materials. Collaborate with suppliers to identify eco-friendly options. Consider using recycled paper for invoices and compostable containers for meals on-the-go. Not only does this reduce waste, but it also aligns with what customers are looking for in 2025. Opt for eco-friendly office supplies: Make simple swaps, like biodegradable utensils , compostable cups, and refillable pens. Emphasize digital communication to minimize paper usage—digital contracts and e-signatures can significantly reduce your printed materials. Enhance waste management and recycling: Set up easily accessible recycling and composting stations, and ensure they are clearly labeled. Educate your team on proper recycling practices with engaging infographics to promote correct disposal habits. Imagine a restaurant that can reduce food waste by 50% but choosing to use a composting service over standard disposal. Conduct a waste audit: While it may sound daunting, a waste audit is an invaluable tool for understanding your current waste generation and identifying areas for improvement. This assessment can help you optimize waste management and cut costs [ 10 ]. Create a waste reduction plan: Make a low commitment strategy to improve waste management. Review contracts with suppliers to pinpoint opportunities for waste reduction and sustainability enhancements [ 11 ]. Cultivate a culture of sustainability: Encourage a shared commitment to sustainability within your workplace. Initiatives like a “Waste-Free July” challenge or forming a sustainability committee can engage employees and instill eco-friendly habits. Recognize and reward sustainable practices to motivate participation. Conclusion Reducing plastic waste in your workplace is beneficial for the environment; but it’s also an amazing way to lead your business and industry to positive change. Showing customers that you are willing to better your business can elevate your brand reputation and improve customer loyalty. By identifying sources of waste and implementing effective solutions, you can drive meaningful change within your organization. The path to sustainability is a collective journey, and as a leader, your commitment can inspire your team and resonate with your customers. Explore our range of eco-friendly products , designed to help your business reduce waste and make greener choices. At Plastic Detox , we’re committed to providing sustainable solutions that not only benefit the environment but also contribute to your company’s success. Ready to take the next step in your sustainability journey? Visit us today  at www.PlasticDetox.com  or by clicking the button below. Let’s work together to create a more sustainable future—because every small change makes a big difference. Citations [1] Tighe, D. (2024, March 11). World: Desire to buy from sustainable sources 2021 . Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1305896/share-of-consumers-more-likely-to-buy-from-sustainable-brands/#:~:text=Globally%2C%20about%2044%20percent%20of,match%20their%20values%20that%20year   [2] Fauser, S. (2023, July 6). How Companies Can Help Solve the World’s Plastic Problem . Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbesbusinesscouncil/2023/07/06/how-companies-can-help-solve-the-worlds-plastic-problem/   [3] National Geographic. (n.d.). Plastic Bag Found at the Bottom of World’s Deepest Ocean Trench . National Geographic. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/plastic-bag-found-bottom-worlds-deepest-ocean-trench/6th-grade/   [4] EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). (2024, July 2). About the U.S. Electricity System and its Impact on the Environment . EPA. https://www.epa.gov/energy/about-us-electricity-system-and-its-impact-environment#:~:text=In%20general%2C%20the%20environmental%20effects,cooling%2C%20and%20serve%20other%20functions   [5] Oceana. (2022, December). The Cost of Amazon’s Plastic Denial on the World’s Oceans . Oceana. https://oceana.org/reports/the-cost-of-amazons-plastic-denial/   [6] Duke University. (2022, November 29). Do Voluntary Corporate Pledges Help Reduce Plastic Pollution? . Duke University | Nicholas School of the Environment. https://nicholas.duke.edu/news/do-voluntary-corporate-pledges-help-reduce-plastic-pollution   [7] Tekman, M. B., Walther, B. A., Peter, C., Gutow, L., & Bergmann, M. (2022, January). Impacts of Plastic Pollution in the Oceans on Marine Species, Biodiversity and Ecosystems . WWF. https://www.wwf.de/fileadmin/fm-wwf/Publikationen-PDF/Plastik/WWF-Impacts_of_plastic_pollution_in_the_ocean_on_marine_species__biodiversity_and_ecosystems.pdf   [8] Fink, C. & Whelan, T. (2016, Oct). The Sustainability Business Case for the 21st Century Corporation https://www.stern.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/assets/documents/CSB_Business%20Case%20for%20Sustainability_04.2017_0.pdf [9] Ashton Manufacturing (n.d.) 66% of consumers willing to pay more for sustainable goods, Nielsen report reveals. https://ashtonmanufacturing.com.au/66-of-consumers-willing-to-pay-more-for-sustainable-goods-nielsen-report-reveals/#:~:text=reveals%20%7C%20Ashton%20Manufacturing-,66%25%20of%20consumers%20willing%20to%20pay%20more,sustainable%20goods%2C%20Nielsen%20report%20reveals&text=Sales%20of%20consumer%20goods%20from,without%20grew%20less%20than%201%2 5 . [10] Hayes, P. (n.d.). Waste Audit Introduction . EPA.Gov . https://archive.epa.gov/region02/webinars/web/pdf/022310_hayes2.pdf   [11] CalRecycle. CAWeb Publishing Service. (n.d.). Waste Reduction Planning and Implementation for Owners/Operators. CalRecycle.gov . https://calrecycle.ca.gov/venues/planning/